r^SoP * ^^pS*-  lr 


CATALOG 

CONTAINING  USEFUL  INFORMATION 

AND   TABLES   APPERTAINING   TO 

THE    USE    OF 

FIRE   BRICK 

SILICA,  MAGNESIA,  CHROME, 
FIRE  CLAY  BRICK  AND  OTHER 
REFRACTORY  MATERIALS 


II 


AS  MANUFACTURED 
AND  FURNISHED   BY 


CABLE  ADDRESS:  GENERAL  OFFICES 

STOWFULLER  ROCKEFELLER  BLDG. 

CLEVELAND  CLEVELAND 


77V677 


PLANTS 


STRASBURG,  OHIO 

Located  on  B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

EMPIRE,  OHIO 

Located  on  Penna.  Co.  Ry. 

LOCK  HAVEN,  PA. 

Located  on  Penna.  R.  R. 

ALEXANDRIA,  PA. 

Located  on  Penna.  R.  R. 


$c  KY.<  „, 
Located  cm  (s.'&<G<eRy. 


Copyright  1914,  by 

THE  STOWE-FULLER  CO. 

CLEVELAND,  O. 


INTRODUCTORY 

In  presenting  this  catalog  to  the  trade,  it  is 
our  purpose  to  make  it  explanatory  of  our  full 
line  of  refractory  materials,  and  to  show  a  few  of 
the  various  shapes  which  are  ordinarily  carried 
in  stock  at  our  different  plants.  It  is  also  our 
aim  to  present  a  book  which  will  contain  infor- 
mation of  value  to  the  various  consumers  of 
refractories,  and  to  prove  an  aid  in  the  selection 
of  proper  materials  for  their  particular  require- 
ments. While  we  have  endeavored  to  cover  the 
entire  fire  brick  field,  it  is  possible  no  mention 
has  been  made  of  brick  adaptable  for  your 
needs.  If  so,  correspondence  or  an  interview 
will  determine,  according  to  circumstances, 
which  is  the  most  suitable  brand  for  use.  We 
manufacture  brands  suitable  for  every  purpose 
where  fire  brick  are  required,  and  stand  'ready 
at  all.  times  to  give  VQU  the  benefit  of  knowledge 
gained  by  over  thirty  years'  experience  in  the 
manufacture  of  all  high  grade  brick. 

We  control  a  supply  of  the  highest  grade 
Styrian  dead  burned  Magnesite  produced  in 
Europe. 

We  import  direct  from  the  Orient  a  Low 
Silica  Chrome  Ore  which  is  superior  to  any  com- 
ing to  this  country  for  Metalluigical  purposes. 

"When  'Quality'  is  considered  we  are  fore- 
most in  the  field." 

THE  STOWE-FULLER  GO. 

388816 


INDEX 

Page 
Analyses  of  Brick. 

National 19 

Standard 19 

Cone  test  of  different  brick 36 

Analyses  of  Fire  Clays. 

Lock  Haven  Clay 20 

Minor  and  other  well  known  Clays 31 

Kentucky  Clays 23 

Blast  Furnace  Shapes 42-43 

Brands  of  Fire  Brick. 

National 17 

Standard 18 

S.  F.  &  Co.  W 18 

Aluminite 50 

Imperial  Steel 24 

K.  F.  B.  Co.  Roof 23 

Lock  Haven  Steel 20 

Penn 21 

Empire 22 

Minor 22 

F.  R.  Co.  Silica 55 

Chrome  Brick 66 

Magnesia  Brick 73 

Cement  Kiln  Brick 50-51 

Cement  Kiln  Brick,  Rotary  Linings 52-53 

Chemical  Elements,  Symbols  and  Atomic  Weights 89 

Chrome  Department 66 

Cipher  Code 99-100-101-102-103-104-105-106 

Circle  Brick 38 

Clays,  Sagger,  Ball 49 

Comparative  Tests 30 

Cupola  Blocks 39 

Cupola  Blocks  Whiting >. 40 

Federal  Refractories  Co 54 

Kentucky  Fire  Brick  Co 23-24 

Kiln,  National 45 

Kiln  Floor  Br  ck 47-48 

Lock  Haven  Fire  Brick  Co 21 

Magnesia  Department 69 

Magnesia  Brick 73 

Magnesite  Dead  Burned 71 

Manufacture  of  Fire  Brick,  The 9-10-11-12-13 

Mensuration  and  Weights  and  Measures 83 

Mill  Blocks 41 

Minor  Fire  Brick  Co.,  The 8 

National  Fire  Brick  Co.,  The 6 

Orth  Roof  Shapes 65 

Plants 2 

Seger  Cones — Melting  Points 82 

Seger  Cones 93-94-95-96-97-98 

Shapes  carried  in  stock 25-26-27-28 

Silica  Brick 57 

Silica  Department 56 

Specific  Gravity  of  Various  Substances 90 

Standard  9  in.  Shapes 32 

Tables 76-80 

Temperatures 76 

Tile 29-30 

Useful  Information 91 

Whiting  Cupola  IBlocks 40 


We  are  pioneers  in  the  manufacture  of  high 
grade  refractories,  and  by  continually  making 
improvements  which  embody  features  that 
make  for  greater  uniformity  and  quality  of 
output,  and  with  important  economies  that 
will  always  permit  us  to  meet  the  market  price 
of  fire  brick  and  other  refractory  materials,  we 
are  prepared  to  figure  on  your  requirements 
no  matter  how  large  or  small  they  may  be. 
From  the  raw  material,  which  is  the  best 
obtainable,  to  the  finishing  of  the  product, 
the  entire  process  is  in  the  hands  of  trained  men 
whose  knowledge  and  actual  experience  enables 
us  to  produce  the  highest  grade  refractories. 

Open  Hearth  Steel  Furnaces. 

Blast  Furnaces — Hot  Blast  Stoves. 

Puddling  and  Heating  Furnaces. 

Carbon  Furnaces  and  Retorts. 

Coke  Ovens — By-Product  Ovens. 

Gas  Producers,  Gas  Retorts  and  Settings. 

Rotary  Portland  Cement  Kilns. 

Lime,  Brick,  Sewer-Pipe  Kilns. 

Copper,  Nickel  and  Zinc  Smelting  Furnaces. 

Soda  Ash  Kilns  and  Rotary  Dryers. 

Oil  Furnaces  and  Checker  Settings. 

Glass  House  Work. 

Pottery  Kiln  Shapes  and  Clays. 


StOY/E-FuiI.ETl    CO. 


THE  NATIONAL  FIRE  BRICK  CO. 

BRANDS 
National— Standard — American — S.  F.  Co. 

This  plant  is  located  at  Strasburg,  Ohio,  and 
the  company  owns  the  largest  body  of  flint  and 
plastic  clay  in  Ohio,  the  vein  averaging  from 
four  to  six  feet  in  thickness.  Analyses  show  the 
quality  of  these  clays  to  compare  favorably 
with  any  other  clay  in  the  country.  Brick  made 
from  this  clay  has  gained  an  enviable  reputation 
all  over  the  country.  The  brick  are  dried  by 
our  own  waste  heat  process,  thus  cooling  the 
kilns  much  better  than  by  the  old  process. 
The  large,  modern  kilns  have  a  capacity  from 
90,000  to  125,000  brick  each.  The  factory  is 
located  in  close  proximity  to  the  clay  mines, 
and  the  manufacture  is  under  the  careful  super- 
vision of  trained  and  experienced  men.  Experts 
have  examined  the  factory  and  pronounce  it 
one  of  the  most  improved  plants  of  its  kind  in 
the  country. 

The  factory  being  designed  with  great  floor 
and  dryer  capacity,  the  most  difficult  shapes 
in  large  quantities  can  be  made  up  and  shipped 
promptly. 

The  brands  manufactured  here  are  especially 
suitable  for  Blast  Furnace  Stoves,  Open  Hearth 
Checkers,  or  any  place  where  brick  are  sub- 
jected to  similar  conditions. 

This  plant  makes  a  specialty  of  Blast  Furnace 
Stove  Brick,  Open  Hearth  Checkers  and  has 
the  largest  capacity  in  the  country  for  that 
class  of  work. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


. 


I 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


THE  MINOR  FIRE  BRICK  CO. 

BRANDS 
Minor — Empire 

The  first  Minor  plant  was  erected  in  1869  at 
Empire,  Ohio,  with  a  capacity  of  4,000  brick 
per  day,  the  works  enlarged  and  the  output 
gradually  increased  and  the  sale  of  the  product 
extended  until  most  of  the  steel  and  iron  manu- 
facturers became  acquainted  with  the  brick 
and  preferred  them  for  many  uses. 

In  January,  1900,  this  plant  was  destroyed 
by  fire,  but  was  rebuilt  the  same  year  on  the 
most  modern  and  improved  plans,  and  today 
stands  as  a  model  in  all  that  goes  to  make  a 
perfect  fire  brick  factory.  The  capacity  of  the 
plant  is  now  30,000  per  day,  and  the  brick  are 
more  perfect  from  standpoint  of  quality  and 
workmanship  than  ever  before. 

The  "Minor"  brand  have  given  excellent 
results  in  Boilers,  Annealing  Furnaces,  Ladles, 
Hot  Metal  Cars,  and  give  better  service  in 
Cupolas  than  any  other  brand  on  the  market. 

The  "Empire"  brand  are  hand  made, 
repressed  brick,  and  because  of  their  extreme 
denseness  are  especially  suitable  for  use  in 
Blast  Furnace  upper  linings,  Blast  Furnace 
connections,  Lime  Kiln  Tops,  and  other  places 
where  a  brick  of  this  kind  is  required. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  FIRE  BRICK 


I 


10 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  FIRE  BRICK 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


11 


THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  FIRE  BRICK 


12 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  FIRE  BRICK 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


13 


THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  FIRE  BRICK 


3 


Q 
53 


I 


14 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  FIRE  BRICK 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


15 


THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  FIRE  BRICK 


Petroleum  Chemist, 

U.S.  Bureau  of  Mines, 
stom  uouso, 
Francisco,  Calit 


o 

Jz; 

O 
O 


16 


THE  STOWE-FULLEB  Co. 


THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  FIRE  BRICK 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  17 


OUR  BRANDS 


"National"  brand  is  manufactured  from 
the  highest  grade  of  Ohio  Flint  Calcined  Clay, 
together  with  selected  plastic  clay  to  form  a 
good  bond,  giving  a  highly  refractory  brick, 
suitable  for  Heating  Furnaces,  Puddling  Fur- 
naces, Blast  Furnace  Stoves,  Rolling  Mill 
Furnaces,  and  furnaces  requiring  an  open  brick. 
It  is  a  hand  made,  repressed  brick. 

"National"  Kentucky  Mix.  Made  from 
our  best  Calcined  Flint  Clay  and  a  Kentucky 
Bond  Clay.  We  find  that  the  affinity  of  this 
Bond  Clay  with  our  own  Flint  Clays,  a 
higher  grade  of  brick  for  some  purposes  can  be 
obtained  than  with  either  all  Ohio  Clays  or  all 
Kentucky  Clay,  and  the  clays  are  prepared  by 
the  "Wet  Pan"  process,  insuring  a  perfect  and 
intimate  mixture.  Special  attention  is  paid  to 
the  chemical  and  mechanical  mixture  of  the 
clays  in  this  brick,  making  it  one  of  the  most 
desirable  and  regular  Fire  Brick  produced  in 
this  country. 

"National  2"  brand  is  manufactured  from 
the  highest  grade  of  Ohio  Flint  Clay  with  a 
larger  portion  of  plastic  clay  to  make  a  more 
dense  and  firm  brick.  By  the  manipulation 
and  selection  of  clays,  this  plant  has  been  able 
to  make  Brick  and  Shapes  that  have  heretofore 
only  been  obtained  abroad;  and  in  quality 
and  workmanship  we  have  been  able  to  surpass 
the  Foreign  Brick. 


18  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


"Standard"  brand  is  manufactured  at  our 
National  plant,  in  both  hand  made  and  semi- 
dry  pressed,  for  use  in  Gas  Furnaces,  Annealing 
Ovens,  Sewer  Pipe  and  Brick  Kilns,  Boiler 
Settings,  etc.  It  is  a  well  made  brick  of  high  heat 
resisting  qualities,  and  uniformity  of  size,  and 
will  stand  over  2,500°  of  heat  without  fluxing, 
and  can  be  furnished  in  all  shapes. 

"S.-F.  Co.— W." 

This  brand  is  manufactured  to  meet  a  demand 
for  a  pressed,  smooth  brick  for  general  work, 
such  as  Boiler  Settings,  Brick  and  Sewer  Pipe 
Kilns,  Refuse  Burners,  Tanneries,  Saw  Mills. 
The  brick  are  uniform  in  size  and  will  stand 
work  up  to  2,500°. 

"American" 

ONE  SIZE  ONLY 

This  brand  is  the  same  in  quality  as  the 
"Standard, "  but  is  in  the  West  Virginia  size, 
measuring  8J4  x  2 J^  x  4J^.  They  are  used  for 
the  same  purposes  as  "Standard/'  and  are  a 
firm,  smooth,  true  brick,  suitable  for  mantel 
and  grate  work.  These  brick  are  well  adapted 
for  Crowns  of  Pressed  Brick,  Sewer  Pipe  and 
other  Kilns.  The  size  makes  them  desirable  for 
dealeis'  trade  as  they  weigh  only  6  pounds  each, 
whereas  the  full  9"  weigh  7  pounds  each. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


19 


c/) 

PQ 
PQ 
O 


.2 

O 

"8" 


u 


±       52 

Q.          2 

Sll 

Si! 


^  j  co 

tt    Z    O 
OS    <    (J 
LU 
Q_ 


u 


•s 


,0 
3 


c/5      O 


o<o-|| 
<8  .S  <-> '!  £.a 
Si  I  IsS 

^3    JH    .S     ^     O  ."S 

^  <  3  S  iSP 


S 

2 

I 


20  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


BRANDS 
L.  H.  Steel— Perm— Aluminite 

Since  establishing  our  business  we  have  always 
found  it  necessary  to  have  a  High  Grade  Penn- 
sylvania Clay  Brick.  Finding  that  most  all  of 
the  old  brands  were  deteriorating,  either  from 
exhaustion  of  the  good  clays  or  because  of  the 
attempt  to  manufacture  quantity  instead  of 
quality,  we  were  obliged  to  establish  our  own 
factory  in  that  State.  After  spending  two  years 
searching  for  the  best  Fire  Clay  property  in 
Pennsylvania  we  selected  Lock  Haven  as  being 
the  most  desirable  location  on  account  of  the 
deposits  of  high  grade  clay  at  that  point. 

With  the  erection  of  a  new  and  improved 
factory,  the  latest  and  best  machinery,  and  men 
of  long  experience  to  operate  them,  we  placed 
on  the  market  under  the  brand  of  "Lock  Haven 
Steel"  the  best  Fire  Brick  made  in  Pennsyl- 
vania. Recently  improvements  were  added 
which  facilitate  the  drying  of  large  and  difficult 
shapes.  Brick  are  made  here  for  use  in  Malleable 
Iron  Furnaces,  Open  Hearth  Furnaces,  Blast 
Furnaces,  Carbon  Furnaces,  or  any  other  work 
where  strictly  No.  1  brick  are  required.  The 
location  of  this  plant  is  especially  desirable  for 
shipments  to  the  great  Iron  and  Steel  centers 
of  Pennsylvania  and  the  East. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  21 


LOCK   HAVEN   FIRE   BRICK   COMPANY 

BRANDS 

"L.  H.  Steel."  A  Flint  Clay  Brick  for 
Malleable  Iron  Furnaces,  Bosh  and  Hearth  of 
Blast  Furnaces,  Open  Hearth  Steel  Furnaces, 
Carbon  Furnaces  and  work  requiring  ability  to 
withstand  heats  of  the  highest  practical  tem- 
peratures. 

"Lock  Haven."  For  Inwall  linings  of  Blast 
Furnaces,  Kilns  and  Cupolas,  requiring  them 
to  stand  intense  heat  and  also  friction. 

"Penn."  For  friction  as  well  as  heat,  for 
Tops  of  Blast  Furnaces,  Lime  Kilns,  etc.,  a 
brick  to  stand  wear. 

The  remarkable  purity  and  regularity  of  these 
clays  as  given  by  comparative  analyses  below 
verify  our  statements  in  regard  to  quality. 

Lock  Haven  Fire  Brick  Company 

Flint  Clay     Flint  Clay 

by  by 

P.  L.  Hobbs    Crowell  & 
Peck 

Silica 44.00  43.52 

Alumina 42.12  42.18 

Oxide  of  Iron 86  .42 

Lime 24  .25 

Magnesia .10  .16 

Ignition  Loss 14.20  14.31 


22  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


"Minor"  Brick  have  an  enviable  reputation 
where  a  brick  is  required  to  withstand  great 
friction  besides  heat.  These  brick  give  perfect 
satisfaction  in  Malleable  Iron  and  Steel  Found- 
ries, Ladles,  Cupolas,  Soaking  Pits,  Annealing 
Furnaces,  Hot  Blast  Stoves,  Hot  Metal  Cars, 
Boiler  Settings,  Gas  Producers,  Lime  Kilns,  etc. 


"Empire"  Brand.  These  brick  are  hand- 
made, repressed  brick  of  special  function  qual- 
ities. They  are  extremely  dense,  and,  because 
of  this  feature,  possess  great  abrasive  as  well 
as  heat  resisting  qualities,  and  are  especially 
suitable  for  top  linings  in  Blast  Furnaces  and 
Lime  Kilns. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  23 


The  Kentucky  Fire  Brick  Company  has  been 
manufacturing  fire  brick  in  the  Olive  Hill 
district  of  Kentucky  since  1902.  Its  works 
are  located  at  Haldeman,  Kentucky,  where  it 
owns  several  thousand  acres  of  famous  Carter 
County  clays.  Its  mines  show  a  wonderful 
deposit  of  clay,  and  have  been  systematically 
developed  until  sufficient  proven  clay  is  in 
sight  to  furnish  high  grade  material  of  uniform 
quality  for  over  twenty-five  years  without  any 
further  development.  The  remarkable  purity 
and  regularity  of  this  clay  is  shown  by  recent 
analyses  of  clay  taken  from  sections  of  the 
mines  nearly  a  mile  apart. 

45.58 
39.86 


Silira 

45  38 

Alumina    . 

40  52 

Lime 

Magnesia  

trace. 

Alkalies  

.94 

Iron  Oxide  

.60 

Loss  in  Ignition.  .  .  . 

13.34 

100.78 

trace. 
.98 
.80 

13.40 

100.62 


24  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


The  Kentucky  Fire  Brick  Company  manu- 
factures a  number  of  well-known  brands  of  fire 
brick  for  distinctly  different  uses  and  services. 
The  brands  and  service  for  which  they  are 
recommended  are  as  follows: 

K.F.B.  Co.  Hearth  and  Bosh, 
K.F.B.  Co.  Inwall, 
K.F.B.  Co.  Top, 

for  blast  furnace  linings. 

K.F.B.  Co.  Stove  No.  1, 

K.F.B.  Co.  Stove  No.  2, 

first   and   second   quality   brick   for   hot 
blast  stoves. 

K.F.B.  Co.  Roof,  first  quality  brick  for  malle- 
able iron  works  and  high  grade  mill 
work. 

Imperial  Steel,  first  quality  brick  for  malleable 
iron  works,  open  hearth,  puddling  fur- 
naces, soaking  pits,  etc. 

In  order  to  insure  prompt  and  satisfactory 
shipments  to  customers  this  company  carries 
complete  stocks  of  standard  shapes  necessary 
for  the  service  for  which  the  above  brick  are 
recommended. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


25 


STANDARD  SHAPES  CARRIED 
IN  STOCK 


Shapes 

1 

Brands 

Shapes 

1 

Brands 

9-inch  Straight. 

33 

National 

No.  1  Key.... 

34 

National 

33 

Standard 

34 

Standard 

33 

Empire 

34 

Empire 

33 

Minor 

34 

L.H.  Steel 

33 

L.H.  Steel 

34 

Imperial  Steel 

33 

Aluminite 

59 

F.R.C.  Silica 

33 

Penn 

75 

F.  R.  C.  Magnesia 

33 

Kentucky  Roof 

33 

Imperial  Steel 

No.  2  Key 

34 

National 

57 

F.R.C.  Silica 

34 

Standard 

68 

F.R.C.  Chrome 

34 

Empire 

74 

F.  R.  C.  Magnesia 

34 

L.H.  Steel 

8^x2^x4^ 

34 

Imperial  Steel 

Straight  

18 

American 

59 

F.R.C.  Silica 

75 

F.R.C.  Magnesia 

Soap 

33 

National 

33 

Standard 

No.SKey.... 

34 

National 

33 

Empire 

34 

Standard 

33 
33 

L.H.  Steel 
Imperial  Steel 

34 
34 

Empire 
L.H.  Steel 

57 

F.  R.  C.  Silica 

34 

Imperial  Steel 

74 

F.R.C.  Magnesia 

59 

F.  R.  C.  Silica 

No.  1  Split.... 

33 

National 

No.4Key.... 

34 

National 

33 

Standard 

34 

Standard 

33 

Empire 

34 

Empire 

33 

L.H.  Steel 

34 

L.H.  Steel 

33 

Imperial  Steel 

34 

Imperial  Steel 

58 

F.  ft.  C.  Silica 

59 

F.R.C.  Silica 

68 

F.  R.  C.  Chrome 

75 

F.R.C.  Magnesia 

No.  1  Wedge.. 

34 

National 

34 

Standard 

No.2Split.... 

33 

National 

34 

Empire 

33 

Standard 

34 

L.H.  Steel 

. 

33 
33 

Empire 
L.H.  Steel 

34 
58 

Imperial  Steel 
F.R.C.  Silica 

33 
58 

Imperial  Steel 
F.R.C.  Silica 

68 
73 

F.  R.  C.  Chrome 
F.  R.  C.  Magnesia 

Large  9-inch  .  . 

33 

National 

No.  2  Wedge.  . 

34 

National 

33 

Standard 

34 

Standard 

33 
33 

Empire 
L.H.  Steel 

34 
34 

Empire 
L.H.  Steel 

33 

Imperial  Steel 

34 

Imperial  Steel 

57 

F.R.C.  Silica 

58 

F.R.C.  Silica 

74 

F.  R.  C.  Magnesia 

75 

F.  R.  C.  Magnesia 

No.3  Bullhead 

Small  9-inch 

33 

National 

or  Wedge.  .. 

36 

National 

33 

Standard 

36 

Standard 

33 

Empire 

36 

Empire 

33 

L.H.  Steel 

36 

L.H.Steel 

33 

Imperial  Steel 

36 

Imperial  Steel 

57 

F.R.C.  Silica 

58 

F.R.C.  Silica 

26 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


STANDARD  SHAPES  CARRIED  IN  STOCK 

— Continued 


Shapes 

1 

Brands 

Shapes 

1 

Brands 

Large  9-inch 

37 

National 

No.  2.  Neck... 

35 

National 

No.  1  Wedge. 

37 

Standard 

35 

Standard 

37 

L.  H.  Steel 

35 

Empire 

37 

Imperial  Steel 

35 

L.H.  Steel 

59 

F.R.C.  Silica 

35 

Imperial  Steel 

Large  9-inch 

No.  3  Neck... 

36 

National 

No.  2  Wedge. 

37 

National 

36 

Standard 

37 

Standard 

36 

Empire 

37 

L.H.  Steel 

36 

L.H.  Steel 

37 

Imperial  Steel 

36 

Imperial  Steel 

59 

F.  R.  C.  Silica 

60 

F.R.C.  Silica 

No.  1  Arch.... 

35 

National 

Feather  Edge. 

36 

National 

35 

Standard 

36 

Standard 

35 

Empire 

36 

Empire 

35 

L.H.  Steel 

36 

L.H.  Steel 

35 

Imperial  Steel 

36 

Imperial  Steel 

57 

F.R.C.  Silica 

60 

F.R.C.  Silica 

68 

F.  R.  C.  Chrome 

74 

F.R.C.  Magnesia 

No.  1  Jamb.  .  . 

36 

National 

36 

Standard 

No.  2  Arch.... 

35 

National 

36 

Empire 

35 

Standard 

36 

L.H.  Steel 

35 
35 

Empire 
L.H.  Steel 

36 
60 

Imperial  Steel 
F.  R.  C.  Silica 

35 

Imperial  Steel 

57 

F.  R.  C.  Silica 

No.  2  Jamb..  . 

36 

National 

74 

F.  R.  C.  Magnesia 

36 

Standard 

36 

L.H.  Steel 

No.  3  Arch... 

58 

F.  R.  C.  Silica 

36 

Imperial  Steel 

End  Skew.... 

35 

National 

No.  3  Jamb.  .  . 

36 

National 

35 

Standard 

36 

Standard 

35 

Empire 

36 

Imperial  Steel 

35 

L.H.  Steel 

35 

Imperial  Steel 

Key  Wedge... 

60 

F.  R.  C.  Silica 

60 

F.R.C.  Silica 

9x3x3 

Side  Skew.... 

35 
35 
35 

National 
Standard 
Empire 

Checker  

36 
36 
36 

National 
Standard 
L.H.  Steel 

35 
35 
60 

L.H.  Steel 
Imperial  Steel 
F.R.C.  Silica 

Edge  Arch  

37 
37 
37 

National 
Standard 
Empire 

Skew  Back... 

35 
35 

National 
Standard 

No.  2 

37 
37 

L.H.  Steel 
Imperial  Steel 

35 
35 

Empire 
L.H.  Steel 

Side  Skew  .  .  . 

60 

F.R.C.  Silica 

35 

Imperial  Steel 

12x6x2H 

Straight  

61 

F.R.C.  Silica 

No.  1  Neck... 

35 

National 

35 

L.H.  Steel 

12x6x2Hx2M 

35 

Imperial  Steel 

No.  1  Wedge. 

61 

F.R.C.Silica 

CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


27 


STANDARD  SHAPES  CARRIED  IN  STOCK 

— Continued 


Shapes 

i 

PH 

Brands 

Shapes 

1 

AH 

Brands 

12x6x2^x2^ 

. 
13^x6x2^x2 

No.  2  Wedge. 

61 

F.R.C.Silica 

No.  1  Wedge 

64 

F.R.C.Silica 

12x9x2^ 

13^x6x2^x1^ 

Soap  

61 

F.R.C.Silica 

No.  2  Wedge. 

64 

F.R.C.Silica 

1  2x9x2  Hx2^j 

13^x9x2^ 

No.  1  Wedge 

Straight  

64 

F.R.C.Silica 

Soap  

61 

F.R.C.Silica 

"OA"  12-inch 

]2x9x2Kx2^ 

OrthRoof... 

65 

F.R.C.Silica 

No.  2  Wedge 

Soap  

61 

F.R.C.  Silica 

"OB  "  12-inch 

OrthRoof... 

65 

F.R.C.  Silica 

12x6x3x2^ 

No.  1  Arch... 

62 

F.R.C.Silica 

"OC"  12-inch 

OrthRoof.  .. 

65 

F.R.C.Silica 

12x6x2^x2 

No.  2  Arch... 

62 

F.R.C.Silica 

"08  "9-inch 

OrthRoof... 

65 

F.R.C.Silica 

12x9x3 

Straight  Soap 

62 

F.R.C.Silica 

"09  "9-inch 

12x9x3x2 

OrthRoof... 

65 

F.R.C.Silica 

Wedge  Soap 

62 

F.R.C.Silica 

"10"  9-inch 

12x6x3 

OrthRoof... 

65 

F.R.C.Silica 

Straight  

62 

F.R.C.Silica 

ORZF 

12x6x3x2 

Repair  Shape 

65 

F.R.C.Silica 

Wedge...., 

62 

F.R.C.Silica 

Mill  Tile  .... 

41 

National 

12x4^x3 

18x6x3 

41 

Standard 

Binder  

63 

F.R.C.Silica 

20x6x3 

41 

Empire 

24x6x3 

41 

L.H.  Steel 

12x3x3  Soap... 

63 

F.R.C.Silica 

No.  1  Circle... 

38 

National 

12x6x5x3  Key. 

63 

F.R.C.Silica 

38 

Standard 

38 

Lock  Haven 

12x6x2x3  Skew 

63 

F.R.C.Silica 

38 

Imperial  Steel 

13Hx4Mx2^ 

No.  2  Circle... 

38 

National 

Binder 

63 

F.R.C.Silica 

38 

Standard 

38 

Lock  Haven 

13J^x6x2J/£ 

38 

Imperial  Steel 

Straight  

63 

F.R.C.Silica 

42 

National 

No.  3  Circle... 

38 

National 

42 

Standard  ' 

38 

Standard 

42 

L.H.  Steel 

38 

Lock  Haven 

42 

Imperial  Steel 

38 

Imperial  Steel 

13^x6x2^x2 

No.  1  Arch  .  . 

64 

F.  R.  C.  Silica 

No.  4  Circle  .. 

38 

National 

38 

Standard 

13J^x6x2^xl^ 

38 

Lock  Haven 

No.  2  Arch  .  . 

64 

F.R.C.Silica 

38 

Imperial  Steel 

28 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


STANDARD  SHAPES  CARRIED  IN  STOCK 

— Continued 


Shapes 

! 

Brands 

Shapes 

1 

Brands 

No.  5  Circle... 

38 

National 

Whiting 

38 

Standard                 I    Blocks  

40 

Empire 

38 

Lock  Haven 

Nos.ltoll 

38 

Imperial  Steel 

No.  1  Cupola.. 

39 

National 

13K-inch 

39 

Standard                     12-foot  Key.. 

42 

National 

39 

Empire 

39 

Minor 

39 

Imperial  Steel 

13^-inch 

6-foot  Key... 

42 

National 

No.  2  Cupola.. 

39 

National 

39 

Standard 

39 

Empire 

Standard  Bot- 

39 

Minor 

tom  Block  .  .  . 

42 

National 

39 

Imperial  Sieel 

No.  3  Cupola.. 

39 

National 

Flat  Back 

39 

Standard 

Straight  

46 

National 

39 

Empire 

46 

Standard 

39 

Minor 

39 

Imperial  Steel 

Flat  Back 

Arch  

46 

National 

No.  4  Cupola.. 

39 

National 

46 

Standard 

39 

Standard 

39 

Empire 

Mill  Block 

39 

Minor 

18x9x6  

41 

National 

39 

Imperial  Steel 

Standard 

Minor 

No.  5  Cupola.  . 

39 
39 

National 
Standard 

No.  1  Bridge 
Wall 

Empire 

39 
39 
39 

Empire 
Minor 
Imperial  Steel 

13^x6^x6. 

41 

National 
Standard 
Minor 

No.  2  Bridge 

Empire 

No.  6  Cupola.. 

39 

National                      Wall 

39 

Standard 

13^x6^x3 

41 

National 

39 

Empire 

Standard 

39 

Minor 

Minor 

39 

Imperial  Steel 

Empire 

CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


29 


LIST  OF  TILE  CARRIED  IN  STOCK 


Size 

Brands 

Size 

Brands 

12xl2x  2    

National 

12x15x3  

National 

12xl5x  2 

Minor 
Lock  Haven 
Imperial  Steel 

National 

12x18x3  

Minor 
Lock  Haven 

National 
Minor 

12x18x2  

Minor 
Lock  Haven 
Imperial  Steel 

National 
Minor 

12x20x3  
12x24x3 

Lock  Haven 

National 
Minor 
Lock  Haven 

National 

12x24x2 

Imperial  Steel 
National 

Minor 
Lock  Haven 

Minor 
Lock  Haven 
Imperial  Steel 

12x36x3  
6x18x3         

National 
Minor 
Lock  Haven 

National 

12x12x22/3  

National 
Minor 
Lock  Haven 

6  x  20  x  3 

Minor 
Lock  Haven 

National 

12xl5x2H  

National 
Minor 
Lock  Haven 

6  x  24  x  3   

Minor 
Lock  Haven 

National 

12x18x2^  

National 
Minor 
Lock  Haven 

9x18x3  

Minor 
Lock  Haven 

National 

12x20x2^  

National 
Minor 
Lock  Haven 

9  x  20  x  3   

Minor 
Lock  Haven 

National 

12x22x2}/£  
12x24x2^  

National 
Minor 
Lock  Haven 

National 

Minor 
Lock  Haven 
Imperial  Steel 

9  x  24  x  3 

National 

12x30x2^  

Lock  Haven 
Imperial  Steel 

National 

9x12x4 

Minor 
Lock  Haven 
Imperial  Steel 

National 

12x12x3.  .. 

Lock  Haven 
National 

Minor 
Lock  Haven 

Minor 

9x18x4  

National 

Lock  Haven 
Imperial  Steel 

Minor 
Lock  Haven 

30 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


LIST  OF  TILE  CARRIED  IN  STOCK-Continued 


Size 

Brands 

Size 

Brands 

9  x  20  x  4 

National 

15  x  36  x  4 

National 

12x12x4  

Minor 
Lock  Haven 

National 

12x24x4  

Lock  Haven 
National 

12x30x4 

Minor 
Lock  Haven 
Imperial  Steel 

National 

20x20x4  

Lock  Haven 

National 
Lock  Haven 

Lock  Haven 

9x27x4  

National 

12x36x4  

National 

Lock  Haven 

15x30x4  

Lock  Haven 

National 
Lock  Haven 

9x36x4  

National 
Lock  Haven 

SHOWING  THE  FUSION  POINT  OF  SOME  OF 
OUR  VARIOUS  BRICK 

HEINRICH  REIS,  PH.  D. 

PROFESSOR  OF  ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY 

CORNELL  UNIVERSITY 


ITHACA  N.  Y.,  MAY  22,  1913 


Stowe-Fuller  Co. 

Cleveland,  O. 
Dear  Sirs: 

I  beg  to  report  the  following  fusion  points  for  the  five 
brick  samples  submitted  by  you : 

Degs.  F. 

Federal  Silica  Brick  F.  R.  C.  Brand        Cone  35  plus       3326 
National  Brand  Kentucky  Bond  Clay       "     33  3254 

Kentucky  F.  B.  Co.— S.  S.  A.  Brand         "     31  3182 

Penna.  L.  H.  Steel  Brand  "     28  to  29      3074  to  31 10 

Minor  Empire  Brand  "     27  3036 

I  tested  a  sample  of  your  Federal  Silica  Brick  F.  R.  C. 
brand,  and  found  that  the  same  had  a  fusing  point  of  over 
cone  35,  the  theoretical  fusing  point  of  this  cone  being 
3326°  F.  This  brick  was  tested  by  heating  it  up  to  this 
cone  in  a  Deville  Furnace.  The  fusing  point  was  con- 
sidered to  have  been  reached  when  the  brick  began  to  lose 
its  shape  under  the  action  of  the  heat.  In  the  case  of  the 
silica  brick  it  had  not  lost  its  shape  at  cone  35. 

Yours  truly, 
Signed          Heinrich  Reis 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


31 


"°  I 

.s  £ 

§        0) 

•fl 


o 

<D 

s 


o    .-£ 

CO  ^ 


03 


II 


oj 

1°: 


03  cq 

^         Q 

cn   en 


-CNOO 


<l>    (D  ^ 
O    O 

2  2 


O 


o  CO    O 

'  '2 


oT  fe 


32  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


STANDARD  9"  SHAPES 

The  following  cuts  represent  the  principal 
nine-inch  shapes  that  are  used,  and  dimensions 
given  are  the  long  established  standards  adopted 
by  Fire  Brick  manufacturers. 

We  keep  large  quantities  in  stock,  and  can 
make  anything  we  do  not  have  on  short  notice. 

Please  state  what  brand  or  for  what  purpose 
the  brick  are  wanted. 

The  standard  nine-inch  shapes  require  from 
three  to  four  weeks  to  manufacture,  but  very 
large  and  difficult  shapes  require  much  longer  to 
dry  and  handle,  and  from  six  to  eight  weeks  is 
required  to  get  them  out  in  first-class  shape. 
However,  we  are  in  position  to  make  any  and 
all  shapes  more  promptly  than  other  factories, 
as  we  have  improved  mechanical  means  for 
cooling  kilns  and  drying  brick. 

A  carload  of  brick  can  be  made  and  shipped 
as  quickly  as  a  few  brick,  as  the  same  process 
is  required. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


33 


9  Inch . . . . 

9x4^x2^ 


Soap 


No.  1  Split. 


No.  2  Split. 

9x4^x2 


Large  9  Inch. 

9x6^x2^ 


Small  9  Inch. 

9x3^x2^ 


34 


THE  STOWE-FULLEB  Co. 


No.  1  Key . 

9x4^x4x2^ 

12  feet  diameter  inside. 

112  brick  to  circle. 


No.  2  Key. 


9x4^x3^x2^ 

6  feet  diameter  inside. 

65  brick  to  circle. 


No.  3  Key  Brick.. 

9x4^x3x2^ 

3  feet  diameter  inside. 

41  brick  to  circle. 


No.  4  Key  Brick. 


9x4^x2  ^x2M 

18  inches  diameter  inside. 

26  brick  to  circle. 


No.  1  Wedge . 


9x4^x2^x2 

5  feet  diameter  inside. 

102  brick  to  circle. 


No.  2  Wedge 


2  feet  6  inches  diameter  inside. 
63  brick  to  circle. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


35 


No.  1  Arch 

9x4^x2^x2 

4  feet  diameter  inside. 

72  brick  to  circle. 

No.  2  Arch 

9x4^x2^x1^ 

2  feet  diameter  inside. 

42  brick  to  circle. 

Side  Skew 

9x4^x1  % 

End  Skew . 

9x7x4^x2^ 

Skew  Back 

9x4^x2^x1  Y* 

No.  1  Neck 

9x4^x2^ 

No.  2  Neck 

9x4^x2^x2 


36 


THE  STOWE-FULLEB  Co. 


No.  3  Neck. 

9x4^x 


Feather  Edge. 


No.  1  Jamb. 

9x4^x2^ 


No.  2  Jamb. 

9x4^x2^ 


No.  3  Jamb . 

9x4^x2^ 


No.  3  Bullhead .  .  . 

9x4^x3x2 

3  feet  diameter  inside. 


Checker . 

9x3x3 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


37 


Large  9  Inch  No.  1  Wedge. .  . 

102  brick  to  the  circle. 

5  feet  inside,  6  ft.  6  in.  outside  diameter 


Large  9  Inch  No.  2  Wedge. . . 

63  brick  to  the  circle. 

2  ft.  6  in.  inside,  4  ft.  outside  diameter. 


Edge  Arch . 


9x4^x3x2  K 

Small  Diameters,  for  Tuyere  Stock  Linings, 

and  2^  inch  Pipe  Linings. 


Checker  Tile 


Checker  Tile .  . 
Mill  Tile.  . 


38 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


No.  1.     15  inch  Circle.. 

Inside  diameter. 
9  brick  to  circle. 


No.  2.     24  inch  Circle. 

Inside  diameter. 
11  brick  to  circle. 


No.  3.     36  inch  Circle.. 


Inside  diameter. 
14  brick  to  circle. 


No.  4.     48  inch  Circle. 

Inside  diameter. 
20  brick  to  circle. 


No.  5.     60  inch  Circle.. 

Inside  diameter. 
24  brick  to  circle. 


Also  72,  84  and  96  inch  Circles. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


39 


CUPOLA  BLOCKS 


No.  1  Cupola  Brick.  .  .  . 

T^.  _  (42  inches  outside. 

Diameter,  |3Q  incheg  ingide 

15  brick  to  the  circle. 


No.  2  Cupola  Brick..  . 


TV  (48  inches  outside 

Diameter,  |36  incheg  ingide 

17  brick  to  the  circle. 


No.  3  Cupola  Brick.  .  .  . 


/60  inches  outside. 
|4g  incheg  ingide 


r>i*m^Pr 
Diameter, 


21  brick  to  the  circle. 


No.  4  Cupola  Brick.    . 


/7 
\6 


/72  inches  outside. 
\60  inches  inside. 
25  brick  to  the  circle. 


No.  5  Cupola  Brick.         No.  6  Cupola  Block. 


Diameter    J84  inches  outside. 

ter'  \72  inches  inside. 
29  brick  to  the  circle. 


/  96  inches  outside. 
|g4  incheg  ingid^ 

33  brick  to  circle. 


40 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


WHITING 


CUPOLA  BLOCKS 


Size 

No.  1 

"     2 


Inside 

—        ^ 
Outside 

Diam. 

Diam. 

23  inch 

32  inch 

27     " 

36  " 

32     " 

41     " 

37     " 

46     " 

42     " 

51     " 

45     " 

54     " 

48     " 

57     " 

Size 
No.    7 

11       8 


10 
11 


Inside 
Diam. 

54  inch 
60     " 

66  " 
72  " 
78  " 
84  " 


BRASS  POT  LINERS 


Outside 
Diam. 

63  inch 

69  " 
75  " 
81  " 
87  " 
93  " 


18  inches  inside. 
27  inches  outside. 
Other  sizes  made  to  order. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


41 


MILL  BLOCKS 


18  inch  Block 


No.  1  Bridgewall. 


No.  2  Bridgewall. 


Mill  Tile. 


18x6x3 
20x6x3 
24x6x3 


42 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


BLAST  FURNACE  SHAPES 


inch  Straight 


No.  1.     12  foot  Key.  .  . 

91  brick  to  circle. 


No.  2.     6  foot  Key 

53  brick  to  the  circle. 


Standard 
Bottom  Block. . 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


43 


STANDARD  BLOCK  LININGS 

To  meet  the  demand  for  Block  Lining,  we  get  up  a 
Standard  Block  in  3  Diameters  of  Circle,  which  with 
Straight  Brick  as  per  cuts  below  will  line  any  diameter  of 
furnace  and  break  Joints  for  any  thickness  of  lining. 


9x9x4|  Straight. 
9x9x4 J  Key,  5   ft.  Radius. 
9x9x4J     "     7}  " 
9x9x4J     "  10    " 


12x9x4J  Straight. 
1 2x9x4 J  Key,  5    ft.  Radius. 
12x9x4J     "     7J  " 
12x9x4^     "  10     " 


15x9x4J  Straight. 
15x9x4 J  Key,  5    ft.  Radius. 
15x9x4|     "     7J  " 
15x9x4J     "  10     " 


18x9x4|  Straight. 
18x9x4iKey,5    ft.  Radius. 
18x9x4J     "     7J  "      " 
18x9x4J     "  10     "      " 

Standard  Bottom 
Blocks  18x9x4^       • 

We  also  make  above  Blocks  in  24  in.  lengths. 

All  Blocks  9x4^  on  inside  face  tapered  for  diameter.  In  three 
grades  for  Bosh  and  Hearth,  Inwall  and  Top  Lining,  branded  to 
designate  their  position  in  the  furnace. 


44 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


CLEVELAND.  OHIO. 


45 


- 

1 


46 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


POTTERY  KILN  BRICK 

Our  factories  have  been  manufacturing  brick 
for  the  Pottery  trade  for  the  last  25  years,  and 
we  aim  to  carry  in  stock  Flat  Backs  and  Flat 
Back  Arch,  besides  the  regular  shapes  for  this 
trade. 


Flat  Back. 


No.  1  Flat  Back  Arch . 

32  inches  inside  diameter 
56  brick  to  circle 


No.  2  Flat  Back  Arch . 

22  inches  inside  diameter 
31  brick  to  circle 


These  brick  are  made  up  with  special  regard  to 
standing  the  wear  and  constant  heating  and  cool- 
ing of  Kiln  Arches.  By  the  return  to  coal  for 
the  burning  of  these  kilns,  it  will  be  found  that 
the  highest  grade  of  brick  will  be  required  for 
this  work. 

We  aim  to  make  and  supply  these  brick  in  the 
best  quality  known  for  this  particular  work. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


47 


KILN  FLOOR  BRICK 


NATIONAL 


GAMP 

Other  shapes  made  to  order 


48 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


KILN  FLOOR  BRICK 


GROWN 

Made  12  in.  long. 


METROPOLITAN 

Made  13  in.  long. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  49 


BALL  AND  SAGGER  CLAYS 

We  furnish  from  Kentucky  both  Sagger  and 
Ball  clays.  Our  ground  Sagger  clays,  used  in 
conjunction  with  fatty  Ball  clays  and  grog, 
makes  a  tough  Sagger  that  will  stand  great 
wear,  heating  and  cooling  without  cracking. 

Our  Kentucky  Ball  clays  are  the  best  in  this 
country.  They  are  free  from  iron,  and  burn 
very  white. 

We  use  care  in  mining  these  clays,  and  strip 
each  vein  separately  to  insure  a  uniform  shrink- 
age. They  make  an  ideal  body  clay  for  Tile, 
Pottery  or  China  manufacturers,  or  any  similar 
use. 

FIRE  CLAY 

We  furnish  High  Grade  Fire  Clay  for  all  work. 

The  following  kinds  are  most  in  demand  : 

No.  1  Plastic. — Being  of  a  very  plastic 
nature  is  ground  fine,  this  clay  permits  of  a 
very  thin  joint,  and  one  of  the  best  clays  for 
general  work. 

Blue  and  Yellow. — A  mixture  of  blue  and 
yellow  clays  in  equal  proportion,  used  mostly 
in  Malleable  Iron  and  Steel  Foundries,  where 
extreme  plasticity  is  desired. 

11  A"  Grade. — A  high  grade  clay  finely  ground 
and  prepared  for  laying  all  High  Grade  Fire 
Brick. 

The  mortar  for  good  Brick  work  should  be  as 
good  as  the  Brick  and  there  is  no  better  Fire 
Clay  mined. 

Minor  Clay. — A  clay  which  is  almost  entirely 
free  from  iron  and  other  impurities,  and  high 
in  silica  contents. 

Silica  Cement. — To  get  the  best  results  silica 
brick  should  always  be  set  up  with  silica  cement. 
We  are  able  to  furnish  the  best  grade  of  this 
material  in  any  quantity. 


50  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


CEMENT  KILN  BRICK 


(Trade  Mark  Registered) 


To  meet  the  widespread  demand  for  a  brick 
which  would  give  good  results  in  Rotary  Cement 
Kiln  practice,  we  have  developed  our  "Alum- 
inite"  brand.  Ordinary  fire  brick  cannot  with- 
stand the  severe  heat  and  friction  to  which 
they  are  subjected  in  these  kilns,  and  to  meet 
this  action,  we  have  prepared  our  clays  in  such 
manner  as  to  result  in  a  brick  which  combines 
both  extreme  hardness  and  high  refractory 
qualities.  Probably  no  other  brick  on  the  mar- 
ket today  has  given  the  excellent  service  in  this 
particular  work  our  "Aluminite"  brand  has 
given. 

The  following  cuts  show  two  designs  for 
Rotary  Linings,  the  Marl  or  Wet  process  and 
Stone  or  Dry  process.  The  Wet  process  has  a 
back  lining  or  shelf  brick  made  of  a  non- 
conducting mixture  which  prevents  the  loss  of 
heat  by  radiation.  In  the  Dry  process  this 
lining  is  not  necessary,  as  the  brick  are  made 
to  retain  the  clinker  coating  in  the  hot  zone, 
thereby  serving  to  lengthen  the  life  of  the 
lining. 

When  ordering  these  blocks,  always  give 
diameter  of  shell  and  whether  to  be  used  for  a 
Wet  or  Dry  Process  Kiln. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


51 


CEMENT  KILN  BRICK 


•ALUMINITE"  ROTARY  BLOCKS 
ON  DRY  FLOOR 


52 


THE  STOWE-FTJLLER  Co. 


CEMENT  KILN  BRICK 


v       ^J        M 

^       ^  M 

J*5  „><  pq  '  c 


U   U   OH 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


53 


CEMENT  KILN  BRICK 


t- 


gui 

-    LJI 


£    t 

LJ     ^ 
Lfl     ^ 

1 
5 


•55 
4-»    2        2 


o 


a 

03 
S 


>*—< 

T 


Q  Q  CJ  W  PQ 


54 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  55 


FEDERAL  REFRACTORIES  CO. 


BRANDS 
F.  R.  G.  Silica— F.  R.  G.  Magnesia— F.  R.  G.  Chrome 

This  plant  is  located  at  Alexandria,  Pa.,  in 
close  proximity  to  large  tracts  of  Canister 
owned  and  controlled  by  us.  We  operate  our 
own  quarries,  the  rock  being  delivered  direct 
to  the  plant  on  our  own  tracks.  Recent  improve- 
ments in  the  way  of  added  equipment  has  made 
it  one  of  the  most  modern  and  best  arranged 
plants  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  The  brick  are 
all  hand-made,  and  the  capacity  is  kept  to  the 
point  where  strict  attention  can  be  paid  to  the 
quality  of  the  output.  Each  process  in  the 
manufacture  of  these  brick  is  under  the  per- 
sonal supervision  of  men  having  years  of  experi- 
ence in  this  particular  line. 

Our  Magnesite  and  Chrome  Brick  are  made 
from  the  highest  grade  of  Dead  Burned  Mag- 
nesite and  Chrome  ores,  which  we  import 
direct.  Silica  Brick  manufactured  here  have 
given  the  best  results  in  Open  Hearth  Steel 
Furnaces,  Copper  Reverberatories,  etc. 

List  of  shapes  of  the  brick  usually  carried  in 
stock  are  illustrated  on  the  following  pages, 
and  we"  are  prepared  at  all  times  to  make 
promptly  any  shapes  not  found  thereon. 


56 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


SILICA  DEPARTMENT 

The  production  of  the  highest  grade  of  Silica 
Brick  is  contingent  on  the  careful  selection  of 
the  Canister  Rock  and  the  experience  and  care 
in  the  manufacture  of  the  brick  through  every 
detail  of  the  mixture  and  burning. 

New  methods  for  the  handling  and  drying  of 
the  green  product  have  been  introduced  at  our 
plant,  and  the  result  is  a  brick  possessing 
features  not  found  in  other  makes.  Frequent 
analyses  of  our  brick  aid  us  in  maintaining  a 
very  uniform  mixture. 

Our  Plant  at  Alexandria,  Pa.,  has  over  60,000 
square  feet  of  floor  space  for  the  drying  of 
special  shapes.  We  have  furnished  for  some  of 
the  largest  By-Product  Coke  Plants  and  Gas 
Retort  Benches  the  most  difficult  Silica  shapes 
made  in  this  country. 

We  give  comparative  analyses,  taken  from 
eight  cars  shipped  from  our  plant,  which  was 
made  by  Chemists  of  one  of  the  leading  Steel 
Companies  of  America. 


ANALYSES  OF  BRICK 


CAR.No. 

Silica 

Iron  and 
.Alum. 

Lime 

Mag. 

Loss 

E.L.  60511 

96.15 

1.10 

2.00 

.50 

.25 

P.  B.&W.952 

95.55 

1.70 

2.00 

.36 

.15 

P.  Co.  559290 

95.85 

1.40 

2.04 

.40 

.15 

P.  R.  R.  96677 

95.25 

1.20 

2.10 

.50 

.15 

P.  R.  R.  18857 

95.36 

1.40 

1.80 

.66 

.24 

P.  R.  R.  70785 

96.15 

1.50 

1.50 

.41 

.15 

P.  Co.  579029 

96.25 

1.55 

1.70 

.72 

.20 

P.  F.  W.  515446 

95.07 

1.60 

1.85 

.68 

.13 

"CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  57 


F.  R.  C.  SILICA  SHAPES 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  Straight. 

9x4^x2^ 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  Large  9  inch. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  Small  9  inch . 

9x3^x2^ 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  Soap. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  1  Arch. 

9x4^x2  Kx2K 

72  brick  to  the  circle. 

4  feet  inside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  2  Arch . 

9x4^x2  ^xlM 

42  brick  to  the  circle. 

2  feet  inside  diameter. 


58 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


F.  R.  C.  SILICA  SHAPES 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  3  Arch. 

9x4^x2^x1 

20  brick  to  the  circle. 

6*4  inch  inside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  1  Split . 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  2  Split . 


9x4^x2 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  1  Wedge..  . 

9x4^x2  ^xl  K 

102  brick  to  the  circle. 

5  feet  inside,  6^  feet  outside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  2  Wedge  . 


63  brick  to  the  circle. 

feet  inside,  4  feet  outside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  3  Wedge  . 

9x4^x3x2 

56  brick  to  the  circle. 

3  feet  inside,  4^£  feet  outside  diameter. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


59 


F.  R.  C.  SILICA  SHAPES 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  Large  9  inch 
No.  1  Wedge 


102  brick  to  the  circle. 

5  feet  inside,  6H  feet  outside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  Large  9  inch 
No.  2  Wedge 


63  brick  to  the  circle. 

2^  feet  inside,  4  feet  outside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  1  Key 

9x4^x4x2^ 

112  brick  to  the  circle. 

12  feet  inside,  13^  feet  outside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  2  Key.... 

9x4^x3^x2^ 

65  brick  to  the  circle. 

6  feet  inside,  7>^  feet  outside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  3  Key 

9x4^x3x2^ 

41  brick  to  the  circle. 

3  feet  inside,  4^  feet  outside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  4  Key. 


9x4^x2^x2^ 

26  brick  to  the  circle. 

1^  feet  inside,  3  feet  outside  diameter. 


60 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


F.  R.  C.  SILICA  SHAPES 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  Key  Wedge 

9x4^x3x2^x1^ 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  1  Jamb. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  2  Side  Skew. 

9x4^x2^x1% 
9x4^x2^x2^ 
9x4^x2^x2% 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  End  Skew. 

9x7x4^x2^ 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  No.  3  Neck  or 
Point 


F.R.C.  Silica  Feather  Edge .  . 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


61 


F.  R.  C.  SILICA  SHAPES 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12  inch 
Straight 


1 2x6x2 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12  inch 
No.  1  Wedge 


1 2x6x3x2 K 

10  feet  inside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12  inch 
No.  2  Wedge 

12x6x3x2 

4  feet  inside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12  inch  Soap. 

12x9x224 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12  inch 
No.  1  Wedge  Soap .  . 

12x9x2^x2^ 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12  inch 
No.  2  Wedge  Soap .  . 


12x9x2^x2^ 


62 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


F.  R.  G,  SILICA  SHAPES 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12  inch 
No.  1  Arch 

1 2x6x3x2 K 

75  brick  to  the  circle. 

5  feet  inside,  6  feet  outside  diameter. 

F.  R.  C.  Silica  12  inch 

No.  2  Arch 

12x6x2^x2 

75  brick  to  the  circle. 

4  feet  inside,  5  feet  outside  diameter. 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12x9x3  inch 
Straight  Soap 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12x9x3x2  inch 
Wedge  Soap 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12x6x3  inch 
Straight 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12x6x3x2  inch 
Wedge 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


63 


F.  R.  C.  SILICA  SHAPES 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12x4^x3  inch 
Binder.  . 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12x3x3  inch 
Soap 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12x6x5x3  inch 
Key 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  12x6x2x3  inch 
Skew  . 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  13^x6x2^  inch 
Straight 


F.  R.  C.  Silica 
inch  Binder  Brick 


64 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


F.  R.  C.  SILICA  SHAPES 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  13J^  inch 
No.  1  Arch  . 


13^x6x2^x2 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  13^  inch 
No.  2  Arch 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  13^  inch 
No.  1  Wedge 


13^x6x2^x2 


F.  R.  C.  Silica  I3y2  inch 
No.  2  Wedge 


F.  R.  C.  Silica 

13^x9x2^  inch  Straight. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


65 


SILICA  SHAPES 


ORTH  REINFORCED  ROOF  FOR  OPEN  HEARTH  FURNACES 

PATENTED 


Shapes  marked  "OA"  "OB"  "OC"for  12  inch 
Orth  Rib  Roof  Construction. 

Shapes  marked  "O8"  "09"  "O10"  for  9  inch 
Orth  Rib  Roof  Construction. 

Shapes  marked  "  ORZ  "  F  are  repair  shapes 
for  both  9  inch  and  12  inch  Roof  when  Ribs  are 
spaced  24  inch  centers. 


66  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


CHROME  DEPARTMENT 


In  this  department  the  same  personal  supervision  is 
used.  Our  Chrome  Ore,  which  we  supply  either  in  lump 
or  ground  form,  is  far  superior  to  any  other  imported  ore. 
We  carry  all  grades  of  Lump  Chrome  Ore  and  can  furnish 
an  ore  best  adapted  to  your  use.  In  the  ground  form  we 
have  a  mixture  of  our  own  which  is  peculiarly  adapted 
to  Open  Hearth  Practice  and  Copper  Smelting  Furnaces. 

In  Copper  Furnace  Roofs  we  have  obtained  remark- 
able results  by  the  use  of  our  Copper  Furnace  Cement 
which  can  not  be  duplicated  by  other  manufacturers. 

ANALYSES. 

IMPERIAL  CHROME  ORE:  (Dry  Ore  Percent.) 

Sesquioxide  of  Chromium 51. 84 

Protoxide  of  Iron 11.21 

Peroxide  of  Iron .68 

Magnesia 16.88 

Alumina 14.92 

Silica 3.48 

Oxide  of  Manganese ^  _  _        .60 

Lime 

Sulphuric  Acid 

Phosphoric  Acid .02 

Combined  water,  etc .55 

100.18 
Moisture  in  sample  as  received .  09% 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  67 


FEDERAL  JAPANESE  CHROME  ORE:    (Dry  Ore  Percent.) 

Sesquioxide  of  Chromium 42. 31 

Silica 2.58 

Oxide  of  Iron ^____ __  15. 53 

Alumina __.  21.71 

Magnesia 17. 66 

Moisture 0.21 

100.00 

FEDERAL  TURKISH  CHROME  ORE: 

Sesquioxide  of  Chromium 44. 55 

Ferrous  Oxide : 15.25 

Silica 5.40 

Lime .20 

Magnesia 19. 10 

Alumina 15. 20 

Moisture • .30 

100.00 

We  use  a  combination  of  these  ores  in  the  manufacture 
of  the  Chrome  Brick,  which  with  our  long  experience 
produces  the  well  known  brand  F.  R.  G.  Chrome  Brick. 

Our  brick  are  noted  for  their  hardness,  which,  with  our 
superior  workmanship  and  high-grade  ores,  produce  a 
brick  which  cannot  be  surpassed  either  in  this  country  or 
abroad. 

On  the  following  pages  are  found  shapes  which  we  carry 
in  stock.  Special  shapes  will  be  made  to  order. 


68 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


CHROME  DEPARTMENT 

CHROME  SHAPES  IN  STOCK 


9  inch  Straight . 

9x4^x2  Yz 


9  inch  Wedge . 

9x4^x2^x1  M 


9  inch  Arch . 

9x4^x2^x13 


9  inch  Split  . 


9x4^x1 


No.  1  Key .  . 


9x4^x4x2^ 

12  feet  inside  diameter. 

112  brick  to  circle. 


No.  2  Key. 


6  feet  inside  diameter. 
65  brick  to  circle. 


CLEVELAND.  OHIO.  69 


MAGNESITE  DEPARTMENT 

We  import  the  highest  grade  of  Dead  Burned  Magne- 
site  from  Europe,  which  is  mined  from  the  celebrated 
Magnesite  deposits  at  Hisnyoviz,  Hungary.  This  material  is 
controlled  and  imported  direct  by  ourselves  and  to  insure 
nothing  but  high  grade  material  we  have  our  representa- 
tive there  at  all  times.  As  it  comes  from  only  one  opera- 
tion, which  is  analyzed  daily,  we  can  at  all  times  maintain 
a  very  high  standard.  Our  Magnesite  is  burned  in  the  most 
modern  Gas-fired  Calcining  Kilns  and  prepared  by  the 
best  Magnetic  Separator  plant  in  Hungary.  By  the  use 
of  gas  in  the  kiln,  we  keep  ashes  and  all  other  foreign 
material  from  the  Magnesite,  thereby  giving  you  noth- 
ing but  clean  material.  In  the  old  style  of  coal-fired 
kiln  it  is  impossible  to  separate  the  ashes  and  foreign 
material  from  the  Magnesite  and  you  are  compelled  to 
buy  a  certain  portion  of  ashes  with  your  Magnesite. 

By  having  only  one  operation  we  are  assured  of  its 
uniformity  and  by  the  use  of  gas  in  burning  we  get  clean- 
liness, thereby  furnishing  you  with  best  Magnesite  that 
can  be  produced. 

We  have  made  a  very  thorough  examination  of  our 
deposit  and  know  that  we  can  maintain  the  same  high 
standard  for  years  to  come. 

We  give  on  the  following  pages  cuts  of  our  plant  and 
two  average  analyses  of  our  material. 


70 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


P4 

<J 

o 


I 


3 

w 

GO 

w 
6 

<r; 

s 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  71 


BOOTH,  GARRETT  &  BLAIR 

CHEMISTS 
PHILADELPHIA 

Federal  Refractories  Co., 
307  Harrison  Bldg., 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gentlemen: — 

In  the  sample  of  Federal  Magnesite  brick  received 
from  you  on  the  9th  inst.,  we  find 

Silica 1.46% 

Alumina 1 . 50% 

Oxide  of  Iron 7.58% 

Lime 3.14% 

Magnesia 86.36% 

Yours  respectfully, 
(Signed)  BOOTH,  GARRETT  &  BLAIR. 


ALTALANOS    MAGNESIT    RESZVENYTARSASAG 

F.  sz.  700  Lapszdm  640 

Vegyelemzes. 

A  megvizsgcilt  anyag  neme:  Szemcses  magnesit. 
Szdllittatott     Amerika.  Nak. 

Probavetel  ideje  1911,         Augusztus,  h6  30  dn. 

Elemzesi  eredmeny: 

*  eon?  <?•  r\  f  Savban  oldhatlan  marad^k 

1.58%  S]  02  |  Ruckstand 

e    O     Al    O      ^  ^as"  ^s  ^umm^um'oxy^ 

23        23^  Eisenoxyd  und  Tonerde 

2.62%  Ca  O  Calcium-oxyd 

86.73%  Mg  O  Magnesium-oxyd 

O.M%  rn.  HO  ,  /  Nedvesseg 


Feuchtigkeit 
Jegyzet.     Napi  productio,  yjsli  is  nappali  vidlogatds. 

Hisny6viz,  1911,  Szeptember,  h6  1  en. 

Ldtta:  Az  elemz6st  v^gezte: 

I.  ZENSDCL.  HAVLINA  ELEP. 


72 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  73 


MAGNESITE  BRICK 


Our  Magnesite  Brick  are  made  from  the  material 
described  in  the  foregoing  pages.  The  brick  are  made 
at  Alexandria,  Pa.,  where  we  use  every  possible  care  in  the 
manufacture  of  same.  This  with  our  long  experience 
produces  the  famous 

F.  R.  C.  Brand  of  Magnesite  Brick. 

Excellent  results  are  obtained  from  the  use  of  Magne- 
site Brick  in  Open  Hearth  Steel  Furnaces,  Soaking  Pits, 
Metal  Mixers,  Billet  and  Bar  Heating  Furnaces,  Copper 
Reverberatories,  Welding  and  Melting  Furnaces,  etc., 
and  other  places  where  they  are  subjected  to  continuous 
heat. 

A  list  of  the  shapes  which  we  carry  in  stock  will  be 
found  on  the  following  pages.  Any  special  shapes  will  be 
made  to  order. 

We  imported  the  first  Magnesite  Brick  we  knew  of 
in  this  country  in  1890,  since  that  time  the  use  of  these 
Brick  has  so  increased  that  they  are  now  manufactured  at 
five  different  plants  and  the  quality  and  workmanship  of 
Federal  Magnesite  Brick  is  far  better  than  those  made 
abroad. 


74 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


MAGNESITE  DEPARTMENT 

MAGNESITE  SHAPES  IN  STOCK 


9  inch  size 


Large  9  inch  size. 

9x6^x2^ 


Straight,  Standard  Size. 


No.  1  Arch,  Standard  Size 

8^x4^x2^x2 

86  brick  to  the  circle. 

58  inch  inside  diameter. 


No.  2  Arch,  Standard  Size 

8^x4^x2^x1^ 

54  brick  to  the  circle. 

30  inch  inside  diameter. 


No.  3  Arch,  Standard  Size. 


No.  1  Wedge,  Standard  Size  . 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


75 


MAGNESITE  DEPARTMENT 

MAGNESITE  SHAPES  IN  STOCK 


No.  2  Wedge,  Standard  Size 

8^x4^x2^x1^ 

57  brick  to  the  circle. 

2  feet,  3  inches  inside  diameter. 


Soap,  Standard  Size 

8^x2^x2^ 

Split,  Standard  Size 

8%x4^xlM 

No.  1  Key,  Standard  Size. 

8^x4^x4x2^ 

107  brick  to  the  circle. 

10  feet,  8  inches  inside  diameter 

No.  2  Key,  Standard  Size  . 

4^x8^x2^x3^ 

No.  3  Key,  Standard  Size . 


No.  3  Neck,  Standard  Size 


76 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


TABLE 

Showing  Number  of  Arch  Bricks  Required  for 
Various  Circles. 


Diameter 
of  Circle. 

No.  2 
Arch. 

No.  1 
Arch. 

9-  inch. 

Total. 

Ft.     In. 
2        0 

42. 

42. 

2         6 

10. 

40. 

50. 

3       0 

57. 

57. 

3       6 

57.                  7. 

64. 

4       0 

57.                 15.              72. 

4       6 

57.                22.              79. 

5       0 

57.                29.              86. 

5       6 

57.                37.              94. 

6       0 

57.                44.             101. 

6       6 

57.                52. 

109. 

7       0 

57. 

59. 

116. 

7       6 

57. 

67. 

124. 

8       0 

57. 

74. 

131. 

8       6 

57. 

82. 

139. 

9       0 

57. 

89. 

146. 

9       6 

57. 

97. 

154. 

10       0 

57. 

104. 

161. 

10       6 

57. 

112. 

169 

11       0 

57. 

119. 

176. 

11       6 

57. 

127. 

184. 

12       0 

57. 

134. 

191. 

CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


77 


TABLE 

Showing  Number  of  9  inch  Key  Bricks  Required  for 
Various  Circles. 


Diam.  of 
Circle. 

No.  4. 

No.  3. 

No.  2. 

No.  1. 

9  Inch. 

Total. 

Ft.  In. 
1   6 

25 

25 

2   0 

17. 

13 

30. 

2   6 

9 

25 

34 

3   0 

38 

38. 

3   6 

32 

10 

42 

4   0 

25 

21 

46. 

4   6 

19 

32. 

51. 

5   0 

13 

42 

55 

5   6 

6 

53. 

59. 

6   0 

63 

63 

6   6 

58. 

9. 

67. 

7   0 
7   6 

52. 
47 

19. 
29. 

71. 
76. 

8   0 

42. 

38. 

80. 

8   6 

37. 

47. 

84. 

9   0 

31. 

57. 

88. 

9   6 

26. 

66. 

92. 

10   0 
10   6 

21. 
16. 

76. 

85. 

97. 
101. 

11   0 

11 

94. 

105. 

11   6 

5 

104. 

109. 

12   0 

113. 

113. 

12   6 

113. 

4. 

117. 

13   0 

113. 

9. 

122. 

13   6 

113. 

13. 

126. 

14   0 

113. 

17. 

130. 

14   6 

113. 

21. 

134. 

15   0 

113. 

26. 

139. 

15   6 

113 

30. 

143. 

16   0 
16   6 

113. 
113 

34. 

38. 

147. 
151. 

17   0 

113 

42. 

155. 

17   6 

113 

46 

159. 

18   0 

113. 

51. 

164. 

18   6 

113 

55 

168. 

19   0 

113 

59. 

172. 

19   6 

113. 

63. 

176. 

20   0 

113 

67. 

180. 

20   6 

113. 

72. 

185. 

21   0 

113 

76 

189. 

21   6 

113. 

80. 

193. 

22   0 

113 

84 

197. 

22   6 

113. 

88. 

201. 

23   0 

113 

93. 

206. 

23   6 

113. 

97. 

210. 

24   0 

113 

101. 

214. 

24   6 

113 

105 

218. 

25   0 

113 

109. 

222. 

25   6 

113 

113 

226. 

78 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


TABLE 

Showing  Number  of  Wedge  Bricks  Required 
for  Various  Circles. 


Diameter 
of  Circle 
Inside. 

No.  2 
Wedge. 

No.  1 

Wedge. 

9  Inch, 
or  Square. 

Total. 

Ft.       In. 

2        6 

60. 

60. 

3        0 

48. 

20. 

68. 

3        6 

36. 

40. 

76. 

4        0 

24. 

59. 

83. 

4       6 

12. 

79. 

91. 

5       0 

98. 

98. 

5       6 

98. 

8. 

106. 

6       0 

98. 

15. 

113. 

6       6 

98. 

23. 

121. 

7       0 

98. 

30. 

128. 

7       6 

98. 

38. 

136. 

8       0 

98. 

46. 

144. 

8       6 

98. 

53. 

151. 

9       0 

98. 

61. 

159. 

9       6 

98. 

68. 

166. 

10       0 

98. 

76. 

174. 

10       6 

98. 

83. 

181. 

11       0 

98. 

91. 

189. 

11       6 

98. 

98. 

196. 

12       0 

98. 

106. 

204. 

CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


79 


TABLE 

Showing  Number  of  "13^  in."  Key  Bricks  Required 
for  Various  Circles. 


Diameter 
of  Circle. 

No.  2 
Key. 

No.  1 
Key. 

Straights. 

Total. 

Ft.       In. 

6        0 

53. 

53. 

6       6 

52. 

'5! 

57. 

7       0 

48. 

12. 

60. 

7       6 

42. 

21. 

63. 

8       0 

36. 

30. 

66. 

8       6 

30. 

40. 

70. 

9       0 

24. 

49. 

73. 

9       6 

18. 

58. 

76. 

10       0 

12. 

67. 

79. 

10       6 

8. 

74. 

82. 

11       0 

6. 

79. 

85. 

11       6 

4. 

84. 

88. 

12       0 

91. 

91. 

12       6 

91. 

3. 

94. 

13       0 

91. 

6. 

97. 

13       6 

91. 

9. 

100. 

14       0 

91. 

13. 

104. 

14       6 

91. 

16. 

107. 

15       0 

91. 

19. 

110. 

15       6 

91. 

22. 

113. 

16       0 

91. 

25. 

116. 

16       6 

91. 

28. 

119. 

17       0 

91. 

31. 

122. 

17       6 

91. 

34. 

125. 

18      0 

91. 

37. 

128. 

18       6 

91. 

40. 

131. 

19       0 

91. 

43. 

134. 

19       6 

91. 

46. 

137. 

20       0 

91. 

49. 

140. 

20       6 

91. 

52. 

143. 

21       0 

91. 

56. 

147. 

21       6 

91. 

59. 

150. 

22       0 

91. 

62. 

153. 

22       6 

91. 

65. 

156. 

23       0 

91. 

68. 

159. 

23       6 

91. 

71. 

162. 

24       0 

91. 

74. 

165. 

24       6 

91. 

77. 

168. 

25       0 

91. 

81. 

172. 

25       6 

91. 

84. 

175. 

80 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


CIRCUMFERENCE  OF  CIRCLES 


Diam. 

Circum. 

Diam 

Circum. 

Diam. 

Circum. 

l/8 

.3926 

12 

37.69 

32 

100.5 

1A 

.7854 

1A 

39.27 

33 

103.6 

YB 

1.178 

13 

40.84 

34 

106.8 

1A 

1.570 

1A 

42.41 

35 

109.9 

5/8 

1.963 

14 

43.98 

36 

113.0 

% 

2.356 

1A 

45.55 

37 

116.2 

y* 

2.748 

15 

47.12 

38 

119.3 

i 

3.141 

1A 

48.69 

39 

122.5 

y* 

3.534 

16 

50.26 

40 

125.6 

y± 

3.972 

1A 

51.83 

41 

128.8 

*/8 

4.319 

17 

53.40 

42 

131.9 

1A 

4.712 

1A 

54.97 

43 

135.0 

5/8 

5.105 

18 

56.54 

44 

138.2 

% 

5.497 

1A 

58.11 

45 

141.3 

7/8 

5.890 

19 

59.69 

46 

144.5 

2 

6.283 

1A 

61.26 

47 

147.6 

H 

7.068 

20 

62.83 

48 

150.7 

1A 

7.854 

1A 

64.40 

49 

153.9 

% 

8.639 

21 

65.97 

50 

157.0 

3 

9.424 

1A 

67.54 

51 

160.2 

1A 

10.21 

22 

69.11 

52 

163.3 

y> 

10.99 

1A 

70.68 

53 

166.5 

% 

11.78 

23 

72.25 

54 

169.6 

4 

12.56 

1A 

73.82 

55 

172.7 

1A 

14.13 

24 

75.39 

56 

175.9 

5 

15.70 

1A 

76.96 

57 

179.0 

1A 

17.27 

25 

78.54 

58 

182.2 

6 

18.84 

1A 

80.11 

59 

185.3 

1A 

20.42 

26 

81.68 

60 

188.4 

7 

21.99 

1A 

83.25 

61 

191.6 

H 

23.56 

27 

84.82 

62 

194.7 

8 

25.13 

y* 

86.39 

63 

197.9 

1A 

26.70 

28 

87.96 

64 

201.0 

9 

28.27 

1A 

89.53 

65 

204.2 

1A 

29.84 

29 

91.10 

66 

207.3 

10 

31.41 

H 

92.68 

67 

210.4 

1A 

32.98 

30 

93.24 

68 

213.6 

11 

34.55 

1A 

95.82 

69 

216.7 

1A 

36.12 

31 

97.38 

70 

219.9 

1A 

98.96 

CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


81 


WORKING  TEMPERATURES 

Blast  furnace  at  tuyeres         .    ... 

°Cent 
2000 

1600 

°F. 
3632 

2912 

Blast  furnace  tapping  

Open  hearth  furnace  during  boil. 

1500              2732 

Medium  hard  steel  at  tapping  .  .  . 

1600 

2912 

Gas  leaving  producers  

700 

1292 

Gas  leaving  regenerators  

1200 

2192 

Air  leaving  regenerators 

1100 

2012 

Waste  gas  at  stack  

300 

572 

Medium  steel  ready  to  roll  

1050 

1922 

Glass  pots  working 

1050 

1922 

Glass  pots  refining 

1325 

2417 

Tanks  for  casting  glass  

1325 

2417 

Crucible  steel  furnace  .  

1300 

2372 

Cement  rotary  clinkering  

1684 

3000 

Shale  drain  tile  burning  

871 

1600 

Composition  earthenware  

1015 

1860 

Fire  clay  stoneware  burning  

1610 

2922 

Fire  clay  sewer  pipe,  hottest  

1048 

1920 

Shale  sewer  pipe,                       .... 

1016 

1862 

Fire  clay  paving  brick,    '       

1048 

1920 

Shale  paving  brick,                  

1000 

1800 

Under  a  boiler,                         

1257 

2295 

Ingot  being  rolled  

1065 

1950 

Heating  furnace  .  .  . 

1150 

2120 

82 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


TEMPERATURES 


Table  of  Melting  Points 

To  convert  Fahrenheit  degrees  to  Centigrade,  subtract 
32°  and  multiply  by  %. 

To  convert  Centigrade  degrees  to  Fahrenheit,  multiply 
by  %  and  add  32° 


Tallow 92°F. 

Spermaceti 120°F. 

White  Wax 154°  F, 

Sulphur 239°F. 

Tin 455°  F. 

Bismuth 518°  F. 

Lead 630°  F. 

Zinc 793°  F. 

Antimony 810°  F. 


Silver  (pure)  ......  1830°  F. 

Copper  ...........  2050°  F. 

Gold  (coin)  .......  2156°  F. 

to  2200°  F! 
2350°  F. 
to  2550°  F. 


Steel 

'• 


Wrought  Iron, 


The  appearance  of  a  fire  affords  a  good  indication  of 
the  temperature  of  a  furnace. 

(A  little  practice  reduces  the  error  of  high  temperatures 
to  within  100°  F.) 

Red,  just  visible .  .  .   977°  F.—  525°  C. 

Red,  dull 1290°  F.—  700°  C. 

Red,  dull  cherry 1472°  F.—  800°  C. 

Red,  full 1657°  F.—  900°  C. 

Red,  clear 1832°  F.— 1000°  C. 

Orange,  deep 2012°  F.— 1100°  C. 

Orange,  clear 2192°  F.— 1200°  C. 

White 2272°  F.— 1300°  C. 

White,  bright 2552°  F.— 1400°  C. 

White,  dazzling {gg  J 


Above  table  gives  the  colors  of  Iron  caused  by  heat. 
(Pouillet.) 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  83 


MENSURATION 


LENGTH 

Circumference  of  circle  =  diameter  X  3.1416. 

Diameter  of  circle  =  circumference  X  0.3183. 

Side  of  square  of  equal  periphery  as  circle  =  diameter 
X  0.7854. 

Diameter  of  circle  of  equal  periphery  as  square  =  side 
X  1.2732. 

Side  of  an  inscribed  square  =  diameter  of  circle  X 
0.7071. 

Length  of  arc  =  No.  of  degrees  X  diam.  X  0.008727. 


AREA 

Triangle  =  base  X  ^  altitude. 

Parallelogram  =  base  X  altitude. 

Trapezoid  =  }/%  sum  of  parallel  sides  X  altitude. 

Trapezium — found  by  dividing  into  two  triangles. 

Circle  =  diam.  squared  X  0.7854;  or  =  circumference 
squared  X  0.07958. 

Sector  of  circle  =  length  of  arc  X  half  radius. 

Side  of  square  of  equal  area  to  circle  =  diameter  X 
0.8862,  also  =  circumference  X  0.2821. 

Diameter  of  circle  of  equal  area  to  square  =  side  X 
1.1284. 

Parabola  =  base  X  %  height. 

Ellipse  =  long  diam.  X  short  diam.  X  0.7854. 

Regular   polygon  =  sum   of  sides  X  %   perpendicular 
distance  from  center  to  sides. 

Surface   of   cylinder  =  circumference  X  height  -\-  area 
of  both  ends. 

Surface   of   sphere  =  diam.   squared  X  3.1416;   also  = 
circumference  X  diameter. 

Surface  of  right  pyramid  or  cone  =  periphery  or  cir- 
cumference of  base  X  K  slant  height. 


84  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


MENSURATION— Continued 


SOLID  CONTENTS 

Prism,  right  or  oblique,  =  area  of  base  X  perpendic- 
ular height. 

Cylinder,  right  or  oblique,  =  area  of  section  at  right 
angles  to  sides  X  length  of  side. 

Sphere  =  diam.  cubed  X  0.5236,  also  surface  X  l/6 
diameter. 

Pyramid  or  cone,  right  or  oblique,  regular  or  irregular, 
=  area  of  base  X  J4  perpendicular  height. 


PRISMOIDAL  FORMULA 

A  prismoid  is  a  solid  bounded  by  six  plane  surfaces 
only  two  of  which  are  parallel. 

To  find  the  contents  of  a  prismoid,  add  together  the 
area  of  two  parallel  surfaces  and  four  times  the  area  of 
section  taken  midway  between  and  parallel  to  them,  and 
multiply  the  sum  by  l/6  of  the  perpendicular  distance 
between  the  parallel  surfaces. 


MISCELLANEOUS 

A  perch  of  masonry  =  24.75  cubic  feet. 

A  gallon  (liquid  measure)  =  231  cubic  inches. 

One  pound  =  27.7  cubic  inches  of  distilled  water  at 
its  maximum  density  (39°  Fahrenheit). 

A  Gunter's  surveying  chain  =  66  feet,  or  4  rods,  80 
chains  making  a  mile. 

One  barrel  of  Portland  cement  contains  33/2  cubic  feet 
and  weighs  380  pounds. 

One  bushel  contains  2150  cubic  inches. 

One  gallon  (dry  measure)  =  268.8  cubic  inches. 

One  cubic  foot  of  water  weighs  62%  pounds  and 
contains  73/2  gallons. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


85 


WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES 


Avoirdupois 


Gross  Ton. 

Cwts. 

Pounds. 

Ounces. 

1. 

0.05 

20. 
1. 
.0089 

2240. 
112. 
1. 
0.0625 

35840. 
1792. 
16. 
1. 

Long  Measure 


M-les. 

Rods. 

Yards. 

Feet. 

Inches. 

1. 
0.003125 
0.000568 
0.0001894 
0.0000158 

320. 

1. 

0.1818 
0.0606 
0.005051 

1760. 

5.5 
1. 
0.3333 
0.02778 

5280. 

16.5 
3. 
1. 
0.08333 

63360. 
198. 
36. 
12. 
1. 

Square  or  Land  Measure 


Square 
Miles. 

Acres. 

Sq.  Rods. 

Sq.  Yards. 

Sq.  Feet. 

Sq.  Ins 

1 

640. 

102400. 

3097600. 

27878400. 

1  . 

160. 
1  . 
0,0331 

4840. 
30.25 

0111 

43560. 

272.25 
9. 
1 

6272640. 
39204. 
1296. 
144 

0.0069 

1. 

Cubic  or  Solid  Measure 


Cubic  Yard. 

Cubic  Foot. 

Cubic  Inches. 

1 

27. 
1. 

46656 
1728 

Dry  Measure 

Struck  Ru. 

Pecks. 

Quarts. 

Pints. 

Gallons. 

1 

4 
1 

32. 

8. 
1. 
0.5 
4. 

64. 
16. 

2. 
1. 
8. 

8. 
2. 

0.25 
0.125 
1. 

86 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


SURVEYOR'S  MEASURE 


Sq.  Mile. 

Sq.  Acre. 

Sq.  Chains. 

Sq.  Rods. 

1 

640 

6400 

102400 

1 

10 

160 

1 

10 

7.92  in.  =  1  link.       25  links  =  1  rod.       4  rods  =  1  chain. 


METRIC  SYSTEM 


Linear  Measure 

Measures  of  Surface 

Denomination. 

Abr. 

Value. 

Denomination. 

Abr. 

Value. 

Myriameter.  .  .  . 
Kilometer  
Hectometer 

km.  . 

10000m 
1000m 
100m 
10m 
1m 
.1m 
.Olm 
.001m 

Sq.  Kilometer.  . 
Hectare  
Are  

km2., 
ha.  .. 
a.  ... 

1000000m2 
10000m2 
100m2 
1m2 
1m2 
.Olm2 
.0001m2 
.000001m2 

Dekameter  .... 

fCentare  
\Sq.  Meter.  .  .  . 
vSq  Decimeter.  . 
Sq.  Centimeter. 
Sq.  Millimeter.  . 

m>'  .'  '. 
dm2  . 
cm2.. 
mm2. 

Meter 

m 

Decimeter. 
Centimeter.  .  .  . 
Millimeter  

dm.  . 
cm  .  . 
mm  . 

Measures  of  Volume 

Measures  of  Mass 

Denomination. 

Abr. 

Value. 

Denomination. 

Abr. 

Value. 

(Kiloliter 

1000.    1. 
1000.    1. 
1000.    1. 
100.    1. 
10.    1. 
1.    1. 
1.    1. 
.1   1. 
.01    1. 
.001   1. 
.001   1. 
.000001    1. 
.001  ml. 

(Mil  Her 

1000  kg 
1000  kg 
1000  kg 
100  kg 
10  kg 
1000  g 
1000  g 
100  g 
10  g 
1  g 
.1  g 
01  g 
.001  g 
.001  mg 

'  Ste»-e 

s  ... 

ITonneau  

(Cubic  meter.  . 
Hectoliter.    .  .  . 

m3  .  . 
hi.  .  . 

Metric  Ton  .  .  . 

t 

Quintal  
Mvriagram    .  .  . 

q  

Dekaliter  
/Cu.  Decimeter 
\Liter     .    ... 

dal... 
dm2.. 
1  .  .  .  . 

/Kilogram  
\Kilo    

kg... 

Deciliter  
Centiliter  
/Cu.  Centim.  .  . 
IMilliliter  
Cu.  Millimeter. 
Microliter  

dl.  .  . 
cl.... 
cm3., 
ml.  .  . 
mm3. 
2  

Hectogram 

Dekogram  
Gram  

g 

Decigram  
Centigram  
Milligram 

dg.  .. 
eg.  .  . 
mg  .  . 

Microgram  .... 

y  

CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  87 


WEIGHT  OF  A  CUBIC  FOOT 
OF  SUBSTANCES 

Pounds. 

Aluminum, 162 

Anthracite,  Solid 93 

Anthracite,  Loose 54 

Ash,  White,  Dry 38 

Asphaltum 87 

Brass,  Cast 504 

Brass,  Rolled 524 

Brick,  Best  Pressed 150 

Brick,  Common,  Hard 125 

Brick,  Soft,  Inferior 100 

Brick  Work,  Pressed 140 

Brick  Work,  Ordinary 112 

Brick,  Fire 120 

Cement,  Hydraulic : 50-56 

Cement,  Portland 100 

Cherry,  Dry 42 

Chestnut,  Dry 41 

Clay,  Potter's,  Dry 1 19 

Clay,  in  Lump,  Loose 63 

Coal,  Bituminous,  Solid 84 

Coal,  Bituminous,  Broken 49 

Coke,  Loose 26.3 

Copper,  Cast 542 

Copper,  Rolled 548 

Earth,  Loam,  Dry,  Loose 76 

Earth,  Loam,  Moderately  Rammed 95 

Earth,  Soft  Flowing  Mud 108 

Elm,  Dry 35 

Flint 162 

Granite 170 

Gravel 90-106 

Plaster  of  Paris 142 

Hemlock,  Dry 25 

Hickory,  Dry 53 

Ice 58.7 

Iron,  Cast 450 

Iron,  Wrought 485 

Lead 711 

Lime,  Loose 53 

Limestone 16S 

Oak,  Live,  Dry 59 

Oak,  White,  Dry 50 

Pine,  White,  Dry 25 

Pine,  Yellow,  Dry,  Northern 35 

Pine,  Yellow,  Dry,  Southern 45 

Sand,  Loose 90-106 

Sandstone  151 

Shale 162 

Snow,  Fresh  Fallen 5-12 

Snow,  Wet  by  Rain 15-50 

Water 62^ 

Water,  Sea 64 

Zinc 437 

Green  Timber,  £  to  %  more  than  dry 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


USEFUL  INFORMATION 


Linear  Expansion  of  Substances  by  Heat 

To  find  the  increase  in  the  length  of  a  bar  of  any 
material  due  to  an  increase  of  temperature,  multiply 
the  number  of  degrees  of  increase  of  temperature  by  the 
coefficient  for  100  degrees  and  by  the  length  of  the  bar, 
and  divide  by  100. 


NAME  OF  SUBSTANCE. 

Coeffi- 
cient 
for  100° 
Fahren- 
heit. 

Coeffi- 
cient 
for  180° 
Fahren- 
heit, or 
100° 
Centigrade 

Baywood,    (in    the    direction    of    the! 
grain,  dry)  ; 

Brass,  (cast)                      .                     .    . 

.00026 
to 
.00031 
.00104 

.00046 
to 
.00057 
.00188 

Brass,  (wire)  
Brick,  (fire)  

.00107 
.0003 

.00193 
.0005 

Cement,  (Roman) 

.0008 

.0014 

Copper.  .  .            .        ...            

.0009 

.0017 

Deal,  (in  the  direction  of  the  grain,  \ 
drv) 

.00024 

.00044 

Glass,  (Knglish  flint)  .  . 

.  00045 

.00081 

Glass,  (French  white  lead)  
Gold  

.00048 
.0008 

.00087 
.0015 

Granite,  (average) 

.  00047 

.00085 

Iron,  (cast)        ...                       .    . 

.0006 

.0011 

Iron,  (soft  forged)  
Iron,  (wire) 

.0007 
0008 

.0012 
.0014 

Lead  .                  ....                      .... 

.0016 

.0029 

Marble,  (Carrara)                                    \ 

.00036 
to 

.00065 
to 

Mercury 

.0006 
0033 

.0011 
.0060 

Platinum 

.0005 

.0009 

Sandstone                                                \ 

.0005 
to 

.0009 
to 

Silver  

.0007 
.0011 

.0012 
.002 

Slate,  (Wales) 

0006 

.001 

Water,  (varies  considerably  with  the) 
temperature)  / 

.0086 

.0155 

CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


89 


CHEMICAL  ELEMENTS,  THEIR  SYMBOLS 
AND  ATOMIC  WEIGHTS 


Aluminum  .  . 
Antimony  .  .  . 
*Argon   

.  Al. 
.  .Sb. 
.  .  .A. 

27. 
120. 
20. 

Manganese  .  . 
Mercury  .... 
Molybdenum. 

.Mn. 
•  Hg. 
.Mo. 

55. 
200. 
95.9 

Arsenic 

As 

75 

Nickel     ..*... 

Ni 

58.6 

Barium 

Ba. 

Nitrogen    .  .  .  . 

N 

14. 

Bismuth 

Bi 

208 

Osmium 

Os 

191. 

Boron 

B 

11 

Oxygen  

O 

16. 

Bromine 

Br. 

80. 

Palladium    .  . 

Pd 

106.2 

Cadmium 

.Cd. 

112. 

Phosphorus    . 

P. 

31. 

Caesium   .... 
Calcium 

..Cs. 

Ca. 

133. 
40. 

Platinum 
Potassium   .  . 

..Pt. 
K 

194.3 
39. 

Carbon 

c 

Rhodium 

Rh 

104.1 

Cerium  
Chlorine 
Chromium 

.  .Ce. 
..Cl. 
Cr. 

141.5 
35.4 

52  3 

Rubidium  .  . 
Ruthenium    . 
Scandium 

.Rb. 
.Ru. 

Sr 

85. 
103.5 
44. 

Cobalt  

.  .  Co. 

58.7 

Selenium 

Se. 

79. 

Columbium 

Cb 

93  7 

Silicon 

Si. 

28. 

Copper  

.  .Cu. 

63.2 

Silver    ...... 

108. 

Didymium   .  . 
Erbium 

..Di. 
.E. 

145. 
166. 

Sodium  
Strontium  .  .  . 

.Na. 
Sr 

23. 
87.5 

Flourine  
Gallium  

...F. 
.  .Ga. 

19. 
69.9 

Sulphur   .... 
Tantalum  .  .  . 

...S. 
Ta. 

32. 
182. 

Germanium  . 
Glucinum   .  .  . 

.  .Ge. 
.  .Gl. 

72.3 
9. 

Tellurium  .  .  . 
Thallium 

.  .Te. 
Tl. 

125. 
204. 

Gold 

Au. 

196.7 

Thorium       .  . 

Th 

232. 

*Helium 

He 

2 

Tin 

Sn. 

118. 

Hydrogen  .  .  . 
Indium 

..  H. 
In. 

1. 
113.7 

Titanium 
Tungsten  .  .  .  . 

.  .Ti. 
W 

48. 
184. 

Iodine 

I. 

127 

Uranium 

u. 

240. 

Iridium 

Ir. 

192.5 

Vanadium 

V 

51.1 

Iron  
Lanthanum    . 
Lead 

.  .Fe. 
..La. 
Pb. 

56. 

138.5 

Ytterbium 
Yttrium  .... 
Zinc               .  . 

.  .Yt. 
.  .  .Y. 

7n 

173.2 
89. 
65. 

Lithium 

Li. 

7 

Zirconium 

Zr. 

90.4 

Magnesium  . 

.Mg. 

24. 

*Thc   atomic   weights   of   Argon   and    Helium   are   not   accurately 
known. 


90  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 

SPECIFIC  GRAVITY 
OF  VARIOUS  SUBSTANCES 

Aluminum 2.60—2.75 

Asphaltum 1.10—1.20 

Brass 8.40—8.70 

Brick,  Hard  Red 1.53—2.30 

Aluminite  Brick .  .  2.65 

Ordinary  Fire  Brick 1.40—2.00 

Cement,  ground,  loose 1.85 

Charcoal 44 

Clay,  dry 1.80—2.60 

Coal,  bituminous 1.20—1.50 

Coal,  anthracite , 1.40—1.70 

Coke,  loose 55 

Concrete 2.47 

Copper 8.78—9.00 

Earth 1.30—1.80 

Glass,  window 2.64 

Granite 2.50—3.00 

Iron 7.10—7.50 

Iron,  wrought 7.79 

Lead 11.37 

Lime 2.30—3.20 

Lime,  slaked 1.30—1.40 

Limestone 2.46—2.84 

Masonry,  stone,  dry 2.00 — 2.55 

Masonry,  brick,  dry 1.50 — 1.60 

Oak,  dry 69—1.03 

Pine 35—  .60 

Quartz 2.5  —2.80 

Sand,  fine,  dry 1.40—1.65 

Sand,  wet 1.90—2.05 

Sand,  coarse 1.40 — 1.50 

Sandstone 2.20—2.50 

Steel 7.26—7.86 

Slate 2.60—2.70 

Tin 7.20—7.30 

Water 1. 

Zinc..  6.90—7.20 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  91 


USEFUL  INFORMATION 

A  Standard  Fire  Brick  (straight)  weighs  7  Ibs. 

A  Standard  Silica  Brick  weighs  6r2o  Ibs. 

A  Standard  Magnesia  Brick  weighs  9  Ibs. 

A  Standard  Chrome  Brick  weighs  10  Ibs. 

A  Silica  Brick  expands  about  ^  inch  per  foot,  when 
heated  to  2,500°. 

Clay  Brick  expand  or  shrink,  dependent  upon  the 
proportion  Silica  to  Alumina  contained  in  the  brick;  but 
most  Fire  Clay  Brick  contain  Alumina  sufficient  to  show 
some  shrinkage. 

One  cubic  foot  of  wall  requires  17,  9-inch  bricks;  one 
cubic  yard  requires  460.  Where  Keys,  Wedges  and  other 
"shapes"  are  used,  add  10  per  cent,  in  estimating  the 
number  required. 

In  ordering  Blast  Furnace  Linings  customers  should 
send  us  a  sketch  showing  outline  of  space  to  be  occupied 
by  brick  work,  or  inside  lines  with  thickness  of  walls 
desired,  if  possible. 

Those  ordering  for  Cupolas  and  Stacks  should  be 
careful  to  designate  in  order  both  inside  and  outside 
diameters  with  height. 

Silica  Brick  should  be  laid  in  Silica  Cement  and  with 
the  smallest  joint  possible. 

To  secure  the  best  results,  Fire  Brick  should  be  laid  in 
the  same  clay  from  which  they  are  manufactured. 

One  ton  of  ground  clay  should  be  sufficient  to  lay  3,000 
ordinary  bricks. 

Ground  Fire  Brick  or  old  Cupola  Blocks  mixed  with 
Fire  Clay  make  the  best  Cupola  Daub  known. 

Be  careful  of  your  Furnace  Stays.  Silica  Brick  expand. 
Fire  Clay  Brick  shrink. 

Cool  your  Furnaces  slowly. 

Cold  air  after  extreme  heat  is  the  hardest  test  on  good 
Fire  Brick. 

The  minimum  carload  of  brick  or  clay  is  50,000  pounds. 

Clay  or  brick  for  shipment  by  boat  must  be  sacked  or 
barreled. 


92 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


c 

o 
u 

.S° 

'53 


n    .2 

o    j= 


j* 
u 


c/) 


vj        ^j 

«      & 


JS 

too 


en 

2   K 
< 


c/^^a  T 
1J    «=Vi 


cs  *H  ^4  »4      c>     !  o"  ON 

* 


-HO 

CN  CN 


O        -OO-^Hi>.t^OOCXD^HLO 


^ 


•OIX-PPV 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  93 


SEGER  CONES 

What  they  are.  Seger  cones  are  little  pyramidal- 
shaped  masses  of  mineral  composition,  which  soften  and 
deform  when  subjected  to  the  action  of  the  appropriate 
heat.  They  are  made  in  series,  each  member  of  which 
requires  a  different  amount  of  heat-work  to  produce 
deformation.  The  difference  in  softening  point  between 
any  two  adjoining  members  of  the  series  is  kept  as  nearly 
equal  as  is  possible,  so  that  when  the  whole  series  is 
arranged  in  the  order  of  fusibility  they  make  a  kind  of 
pyrometric  scale. 


BEFORE  FIRING 

They  were  first  produced  in  1886  by  Dr.  Herman  A. 
Seger,  the  foremost  ceramic  technologist  of  his  time.  They 
are  not  a  patented  article,  as  Dr.  Seger  gave  his  idea  freely 
to  the  world,  publishing  his  researches  in  full  as  he  made 
them. 

Where  they  are  used.  They  find  their  chief  use  in 
the  clay  industry  and  allied  industries,  where  the  heat 
treatment  is  periodic,  i.e.,  where  the  kilns,  starting  at  low 
temperature,  progress  gradually  to  the  maximum,  and 
then  cool  off  for  drawing  the  product.  In  industries  like 
those  of  glass  melting,  cement  manufacture  or  metallur- 
gical operations,  where  the  furnaces  remain  continuously 
at  a  high  temperature,  and  where  the  materials  are  charged 
in  and  taken  out  continuously,  the  cones  are  not  recom- 
mended for  use. 

What  they  are  used  for.  They  are  used  to  reproduce 
in  a  kiln  or  furnace  the  same  vitrification  treatment  in 


94  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


consecutive  operations.  Their  softening  or  fusion  is 
not  wholly  a  matter  of  temperature.  The  element 
of  time  enters  in  also.  A  longer  exposure  at  a  little  lower 
temperature,  or  a  shorter  exposure  at  a  little  higher  tem- 
perature, will  accomplish  the  same  amount  of  heat-work 
in  the  vitrification  of  clays  or  the  fusion  of  silicates,  pro- 
vided the  temperature  is  always  above  the  critical  point 
which  is  necessary  for  the  chemical  reactions  to  take  place 
at  all. 

Both  cones  and  clays  are  affected  by  heat  in  the  same 
way,  and  under  the  same  chemical  laws.  Hence,  when 
cones  and  clays  are  heated  in  the  same  kiln,  the  melting 
of  the  cones  gives  the  best  way  yet  discovered  to  judge  of 
the  vitrification  that  has  taken  place  in  the  clay. 


AFTER  FIRING 

Temperature  vs.  Melting  Point.  For  the  fusion  of 
any  body  of  whatever  nature,  it  is  necessary  not  only  that 
the  critical  point  should  be  reached,  but  also  that  the 
temperature  should  be  held  a  sufficient  time  to  allow 
enough  heat  to  be  absorbed  to  convert  the  body  from  a 
solid  to  a  liquid.  This  heat  is  called  latent  heat  of  fusion. 
For  this  reason  cones,  or  any  other  device,  depending 
upon  the  visible  fusion  of  a  mass  of  material,  are  not  and 
cannot  be  an  accurate  mode  of  measuring  temperature. 
Nevertheless,  where  the  heat  is  applied  at  the  same  rate 
in  consecutive  burns,  and  the  temperature  is  kept  increas- 
ing steadily,  the  cones  will  melt  at  very  uniform  intervals, 
and  may  be  used  to  measure  temperatures  with  surprisingly 
consistent  results. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


95 


For  the  convenience  of  users,  a  melting  point  expressed 
in  degrees  has  been  assigned  to  each  cone  number.  This 
is  fairly  accurate  for  very  rapid  firing  under  closely  con- 
trolled conditions  in  the  laboratory,  but  in  commercial 
clay  burning  the  cones  melt  at  lower  temperatures  than 
the  printed  table,  depending  upon  the  extent  of  divergence 
of  the  conditions.  In  extremely  long  firings,  the  difference 
between  the  assigned  and  the  actual  melting  temperature 
may  be  100°  or  even  150°C.  This  invalidates  the  cone 
as  an  accurate  pyrometer,  without  at  all  affecting  its 
reliability  as  a  guide  in  clay  burning. 

The  Different  Series  of  Cones.  The  original  cones, 
devised  by  Dr.  Seger,  covered  a  relatively  narrow  range 
of  temperatures, .  and  consisted  of  20  different  mixtures. 
There  have  been  several  series  since  devised  by  others, 
carrying  the  melting  points  higher  and  lower,  until  56 
different  numbers  are  now  being  used.  These  are  divided 
into  four  series. 

The  Hecht  Series.  For  use  only  by  china  and  glass 
decorators.  This  series  is  compounded  of  a  very  fusible 
lead-soda  borate  glass  and  kaolin,  the  glass  alone  making 
the  softest  cone,  and  successive  additions  of  kaolin  being 
used  to  raise  the  melting  point  of  the  higher  members. 


Symbol  or 


Approximate  Melting  Point. 


Cone  Number. 

Degrees  Centigrade. 

Degrees  Fahrenheit. 

022 

590 

1094 

021 

620 

1148 

020 

650 

1202 

019 

680 

1256 

018 

710 

1310 

017 

740 

1364 

016 

770 

1418 

015 

800 

1472 

012K 

875 

1607 

These  cones  are  very  sensitive  to  reducing  gases,  owing 
to  the  lead  used  in  their  preparation. 


96 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


The  Cremer  Series.  Used  for  red-burning  clays  and 
for  soft  glazes,  common  bricks,  sewer  pipe,  drain  tiles, 
roofing  tiles,  flower  pots,  etc.  Very  few  buff  burning 
clays  mature  low  enough  for  this  series.  It  is  compounded 
of  a  lime-soda  borate  glass,  oxide  of  iron,  feldspar,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  potters  flint  and  kaolin,  beginning  with 
a  large  amount  of  glass  for  the  softest  cone  and  decreas- 
ing to  almost  none  at  the  upper  end. 


Approximate  Melting  Point. 

Symbol  or 

Cone  Number. 

Degrees  Centigrade. 

Degrees  Fahrenheit. 

010 

950 

1742 

09 

970 

1778 

08 

990 

1814 

07 

1010 

1850 

06 

1030 

1886 

05 

1050 

1922 

04                              1070 

1958 

03 

1090 

1994 

02 

1110 

2030 

01                               1130 

2066 

These  cones  are  somewhat  sensitive  to  reducing  gases 
or  to  very  sulphury  conditions,  and  to  long  firing.  They 
work  best  in  burns  of  short  or  moderate  lengths,  where 
clear  fires  can  be  maintained. 


The  Seger  Series.  Used  for  the  harder  red  burning 
wares  of  the  vitrified  variety,  and  for  all  buff  burning  and 
white  burning  clay  wares.  This  series  is  compounded  of 
potters  flint,  feldspar,  carbonate  of  lime  and  kaolin.  In 
the  lowest  three,  oxide  of  iron  is  used  in  addition.  No 
glass  is  used.  The  proportion  of  kaolin  and  flint  increases 
as  the  fusion  temperature  increases. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


97 


Symbol  or 
Cone  Number. 

Approximate  Melting  Point. 

Degrees  Centigrade. 

Degrees  Fahrenheit. 

1 

1150 

2102 

2 

1170 

2138 

3 

1190 

2174 

4 

1210 

2210 

5 

1230 

2246 

6 

1250 

2282 

7 

1270 

2318 

8 

1290 

2354 

9 

1310 

2390 

10 

1330 

2426 

11 

1350 

2462 

12 

1370 

2498 

13 

1390 

2534 

14 

1410 

2570 

15 

1430 

2606 

16 

1450 

2642 

17 

1470 

2678 

18 

1490 

2714 

19 

1510 

2750 

20 

1530 

2786 

Only  the  three  lower  members  of  this  series'  are  affected 
by  reducing  gases.  All  are  less  sensitive  to  sulphur  fumes 
and  endure  long  continued  firing  periods  with  less  derange- 
ment than  either  of  the  preceding  series. 

High  Temperature  Series.  Used  for  the  testing  of 
refractory  materials,  only.  No  clay  wares  are  burned  to 
such  high  melting  points  as  this  series.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  the  two  lowest,  only  kaolin,  potters  flint  and 
oxide  of  alumina  are  used  in  compounding,  and  the 
highest  cone  consists  of  pure  oxide  of  alumina.  No  tem- 
peratures can  be  assigned  with  even  approximate  accuracy 
to  this  series,  though  1850°C  has  been  set  as  the  melting 
point  of  No.  36.  The  melting  points  are  therefore 
described  by  their  effects  on  well  known  materials,  instead 
of  in  degrees. 


98 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


Symbol  or 
Cone  No. 

RELATIVE  ORDER  OF  FUSION. 

26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 

Lowest  grade  for 

No.  2 

refractory 

goods. 

Lowest  grade  for 

No.  1 

refractory 

goods. 

Good  quality  No 

.  1  fire  brick. 

Excellent  quality 

No. 

1  fire  brick. 

Melting  point  of 

pure 

kaolin. 

Melting  point  of 

Bauxite  of  good 

quality. 

Melting  point  of 

pure 

alumina. 

Where  Cones  are  Obtained.  The  German  govern- 
ment undertook  the  manufacture  of  Seger  cones  at  the 
Royal  Porcelain  Factory  at  Charlottenburg,  near  Berlin, 
shortly  after  their  discovery.  They  are  distributed  solely 
through  the  Tonindustrie  Zeitung.  a  clayworkers  journal 
of  Berlin.  They  can  be  bought  in  the  United  States  from 
Eimer  &  Amend,  205  Third  avenue,  New  York,  and  other 
chemical  supply  houses. 

Manufacture  of  cones  in  America  began  in  Columbus, 
Ohio,  by  Professor  Edward  Orton,  Jr.,  in  1896.  They 
agree  closely  with  the  German  article  in  all  respects,  and 
as  they  sell  in  America  at  a  lower  price  than  the  German 
cones  sell  in  Germany,  they  have  secured  the  great  bulk 
of  the  American  trade.  They  can  be  procured  at  a  uniform 
price  of  $1.00  per  hundred,  f.o.b.,  Columbus,  Ohio,  by 
addressing  Prof.  Edward  Orton,  Jr.,  Columbus,  Ohio.  They 
are  not  sold  through  agents  or  supply  dealers. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  99 


TELEGRAPH  CIPHER  CODE 

This  Code  is  for  the  convenience  and  economy  of  our 
customers. 


PRICES 

Abacist At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  National  Brick. 
Abner At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Standard  Brick. 
Abort At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  S.  F.  Co.  W.  Brick. 
Accident. At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Minor  Brick. 
Accidental At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Empire  Brand  Minor  Brick. 
Accrue At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish Brick. 

Accrued At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish Carter  Brand  Brick. 

Accell At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Federal  Jsilica  Brick. 
Accelled At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Federal  Magnesia  Brick. 
Accellate At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Federal  Chrome  Brick. 
Accellude At  what  price  and  how  soon  can  you  furnish 

Federal  Dead  Burned  Magnesite  in  grain 

form. 
Accelluded . At  what  price  and  how  soon  can  you  f  ui  nish 

Federal  Dead  Burned  Magnesite  in  dust. 
Accent At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Fenn  Brick. 
Accented At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Aiuminite  Brick. 
Access At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Lock  Haven  Brick. 
Account. At  what  price  per  M  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Rotary  Lining  Brick. 
Accord At  what  price  per  ton  and  how  soon  can  you 

furnish  Fire  Clay. 
Acite At  what  price  and  how  soon  can  you  furnish 

Federal  Chrome  Ore  in  lump. 
Acited At  what  price  and  how  soon  can  you  furnish 

Federal  Chrome  Ore  ground  tine. 
Balance Can   supply,    in   car   lots,    f.   o.    b.    your   city, 

National  Brick  per  M  at 
Ballot Can   supply,    in   car   lots,    f.    o.    b.    your   city. 

Standard  Brick  per  M  at 
Baste Can    supply,    in    car    lots,    f.  o.   b.    your  city, 

S.  F.  Co.  W.  Brick  per  M  at 
Battle Can  supply,  in  car  lots,  f.  o.  b.  your  city,  Minor 

Brick  per  M  at 


100  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


PRICES— Continued 
Banter Brick  per  M  at 

Banner Can  supply,  in  car  lots,  f .  o.  b.  your  city 

Brick  per  M  at 
Belfry Can  supply,  in  car  lots,  f.  o.  b.  your  city,  Lock 

Haven  Brick  per  M  at 
Bank Can   supply,    in   car   lots,   f.    o.    b.    your   city, 

Aluminite  Brick  per  M,  9  in.  count  at 
Banking Can  supply,  in  car  lots,  f.  o.  b.  your  city,  Fire 

Clay  per  ton  in  bulk  at 
Banish Can  supply,  in  car  lots,  f.  o.  b.  your  city,  Penn 

Brick  per  M  at 


SHIPMENT 

Band Can  ship  at  once  from  stock  if  advised  imme- 
diately. 

Bane Can  you  furnish  from  stock.  If  not,  how  soon 

can  you  make  and  ship. 

Brown Can  you  duplicate  last  shipment  and  at  what 

price. 

Burton We  can  duplicate  last  shipment  at  former  price. 

Boss We  cannot  duplicate  last  shipment  at  less  than. 

Cabbage What  quantity  can  you  ship,  and  how  soon  of. 

Cabinet You  must  ship  quickly. 

Cachet Ship  earliest  possible  moment. 

Cart Ship  by  boat brick. 

Cast Ship  by  boat barrels  of  clay  in  sacks. 

Caddy Can  you  ship  at  once 

Cactus Telegraph  when  you  can  ship  and  give  route. 

Case Trace  by  wire  and  give  car  number  and  route 

immediately,  must  have  delivery. 

Cadence Trace  shipment  by  wire  and  send  bill  lading. 

Cadger Your  order  will  be  shipped 

Bant Can  supply  in  car  lots,  f.  o.  b.  your  city,  Federal 

Silica  Brick  per  M  at 
Banter Can  supply  in  car  lotsf.  o.  b.  your  city,  Federal 

Magnesia  Brick  per  M  at 
Bantered Can  supply  in  car  lots,  f.  o.  b.  your  city,  Federal 

Chrome  Brick  per  M  at 
Bantel Can  supply  in  car  lots,  f .  o.  b.  your  city,  Federal 

Dead  Burned  Grain  Magnesite  Brick  per 

M  at 
Banty Can  supply  in  car  lots,  f .  o.  b.  your  city,  Federal 

Chrome  Ore  in  Lump  at 
Bast Can  supply  in  car  lots,  f .  o.  b.  your  city,  Federal 

Chrome  Ore  Ground  at 


tfVEtAtfir,  OHIO.      ' ;' J/  101 


SHIPMENT— Continued 

Cafard Do  not  make  shipment  until  advised. 

Casting Ship National  for  heating  furnace. 

Carriage Ship National  for  puddling  furnace . 

Casse Ship National  for  boiler  setting. 

Cascade Ship Standard  for  boiler  setting. 

Cashbox Ship Standard    for    annealing    fur- 
naces. 
Cashier Ship Minor  for  annealing  furnaces. 

Casino Ship Lock  Haven  for  malleable  iron 

furnace. 
Caster Ship Aluminite    Blocks  for   Rotary 

same  as  before. 
Castrel Ship Minor  Blocks  for  cupola  lining, 

outside  diameter  is. 
Castril Ship Federal  Silica  Brick  for  Open 

Hearth  Furnace. 
Castrilled Ship Federal     Silica     Cement     for 

laying  Silica  Brick. 

Castro Ship Federal  Magnesite  Brick. 

Castrod Ship Federal  Chrome  Brick. 

Castrum Ship Federal    Chrome    Ore    Lump 

Low  Silica. 
Castruet Ship Federal  Chrome  Ore  Ground 

Low  Silica. 
Castut Ship Federal    Magnesite   in    Grain 

form  for  Bottoms. 
Castur Ship Federal    Magnesite    in    Dust 

for  laying  brick. 

Casual Ship  ^  each  car  brick  and  clay. 

Catcall Ship Tons  No.  1  Ground  Fire  Clay. 

Canon .  .  ...  Ship Tons  Common  Ground  Fire 

Clay. 
Candle Ship barrels  of  fire  clay. 

Caulker Ship carload  fire  clay  in  bulk. 

Crarat Ship carload  fire  clay  in  barrels. 

Calk Ship  balance  carload  square  brick. 

Cork Ship  balance  carload  fire  clay. 

Cow Ship  balance  minimum  carload  square  brick. 

Cat Ship  balance  minimum  carload  fire  clay. 

Count Do  not  ship  material  until  further  notice  on  our 

order  number 

Cable If  rate  is  same,  route  shipment  via 

Capable Give    us    specifications    longest    time    possible 

before  shipments  are  required. 


102  THE  Sf  OWE-FULLER  tCo. 


SHIPMENT— Continued 

Calyt What  quantity  of  order have  you  ready 

for  shipment. 
Calfskin Telegraph  date  of  shipment  with  car  number  and 

route. 
Calico What  date  will  you  ship  our  order  No 

Carius 40,000  pounds  is  minimum  capacity  of  carload 

shipment. 


ANSWERS 

Child Brick  in  kiln  now  burning,  will  be  cool  enough 

to  handle  in 

Chilly Brick  in  kiln  now  loading,  will  ship 

Chime Brick  loading,  wire  route  and  shipping  instruc- 
tions. 

Choir We  have  shipped  you  to-day  and  will  trace  car 

number 

Choke Cars  will  be  shipped will  trace. 

Chink Wire  car  numbers  on  order  number. 

Cheval Wire  car  numbers  and  route  order  number. 

Chess Cannot  get  cars,  shipments  delayed  on  account 

of  railroad. 

Chamois Factory  badly  crippled  for  want  of  cars. 

Chasm Cannot  get  cars  for  your  route,  can  we  ship  via 

Chat Railroad  promises  cars  for  shipment. 

Chapel Can  ship  as  soon  as  we  can  obtain  cars. 

Chaos. .  .  . Have  in  stock  in  our  warehouse  here  only. 

Chalet If  able  to  get  better  rate  will  wire  you. 

Chapter If  better  rate  is  secured  will  give  you  benefit 

of  same. 
Cherry Wire  us  if  you  can  get  better  rate  of  freight. 


ANALYSIS 

Hack Quote    price    delivered    and    send    analysis    of 

Aluminite  brick. 
Hato Quote  price  delivered  and  analysis  of  Chrome 

Ore. 
Hata Quote  price  delivered  and  analysis  of  Magnesite. 

Hand What  percentage  of  Alumina  does  analysis  of 

brick  show. 

Heart What    percentage    of    Silica    does    analysis    of 

brick  show. 

Hate brick    shows    by    analysis    to    contain 

Alumina  to  a  percentage  of 

Hat brick   shows    by    analysis    to    contain. 

Silica  to  a  percentage  of 

High Analysis  gives  only  a  trace  of 

Help For  your  work  what  analysis  do  you  require. 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


103 


TELEGRAPH 

Marble Telegraph  at  our  expense. 

Market Telegram  received  and  will  have  prompt  atten- 
tion. 
Mast Telegram  not  understood.     Please  make  it  clear. 

Maze Telegram  can  be  read  by  code  but  do  not  under- 
stand it. 

Mark Telegram  received  too  late  to 

Milk Telegraph  when  you  will  be  in 

Main Telegraph  whether  quotation  is  accepted  or  not. 

Man Please  reply  immediately  by  telegraph. 

Mall Please  answer  our  letter  of 


SHAPES  OF  BRICK 

Faculty 9  in.  Fire  Brick.    Fairy No.  2  Arch. 

Facutel Large  9  in.  Brick.  Fallacy Side  Skeu 


Facial No.  1  Key. 

Faction No.  2  Key. 

Fagging No.  3  Key. 

Faggot No.  4  Key. 

Failless No.  1  Wedge. 

Fainted No.  2  Wedge. 

Fairhood No.  3  Wedge. 

Fairness No.  1  Arch. 


Fallow End  Skew. 

Falsetto Skew  Back. 

False No.  1  Neck. 

Falsehood No.  2  Neck. 

Fameless No.  3  Neck. 

Fanatic No.  1  Jamb. 

Fantacy No.  2  Jamb. 

Fame No.  3  Jamb. 


Farce outside  diameter  Circle  Stack  Liners. 

Farming inch   outside   diameter   Circle    Brick. 

Fardel inch  outside  diameter  Cupola  Block. 


SIZES  OF  TILE 


Fanlight 

12  x  12  x  2 

Feast 

12  x  24  x    3 

Farcical  
Farenell  
Farfadet  

.  .  .  .12  x  15  x  2 
12  x  18  x  2 
.  .  .    12  x  12  x  2^ 

Feaze  
Febrite  
Feeble 

12  x  30  x    3 
12  x  36  x    3 
12  x  18  x    4 

Fairibole     . 

12  x  14  x  2^ 

Federal 

12  x  33  x    4 

Farsh  

.  .  .    12  x  15  x  iy^ 

Feetless 

15  x  30  x    4 

Fashion 

12  x  16  x  2j^ 

Feline 

15  x  36  x    4 

Fastner  

.    12  x  18  x  2^ 

Fullness 

20  x  20  x    4 

Fastnet  

12  x  20  x  2}/2 

Fellow  

.  .      3x6x17 

Fastening.  .  . 

.    .    12  x  22  x  2% 

Feldspar 

3  x    6  x  18 

Fastness  

12  x  24  x  2^ 

Felling.  . 

....      3  x    6  x  19 

Fatalist  

.  .    12  x  30  x  iy^ 

Felt 

3  x    6  x  20 

Fawn 

12  x  18  x  3 

Female 

3  x    6  x  24 

Fealty  

12  x  20  x  3 

Reform .  . 

Regard..  . 
Relax .  . 


RATES 

.  .  .What  is  lowest  rate  of  freight  you  can  obtain 

to 

.  .  .  Give  through  rate  of  freight,  carload  lots  to .... 

.  .  .  Give  through  rate  of  freight,  in  less  than  carload 
lots  to  


Scoff f.  o.  b.  cars  our  works. 


104 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


RATES— Continued 

Scoop f.  o.  b.  cars  your  city. 

Silk We  cannot  obtain  through  rate  to 

Sigh Freight  rate  by  rail  in  carloads  to 

Signal Freight  rate  by  rail  in  less  than  carloads  to .... 

Signet Freight  rate  by  rail  and  water. 

Signat Freight  rate,  all  water,  f.o.b.  dock  your  city. 

Signow Freight  rate  including  handling  brick. 

Calf Have  raised  your  order  to  minimum  carload. 

Caw Can  we  raise  your  order  to  minimum  carload. 

Crafish It  will  require more  brick  to  make  mini- 
mum carload. 

Candor It  will  require tons  clay  to  make  mini- 
mum carload. 


MONEY 

Dab One  dollars. 

Dad Two 

Date Three 

Dare Four 

Daw Five 

Day Six 

Dale Seven 

Daisy Eight 

Daft Nine 

Dart Ten 

Dark Eleven 

Done Twelve 

Dog Thirteen 

Dyre Fourteen 

Disgust Fifteen 

Duty Sixteen 

Dare Seventeen 

Dine Eighteen 

Doctor Nineteen 

Docile Twenty 

Dodger Twenty-one 

Dogma Twenty-two 

Doleful Twenty-three 

Docket Twenty-four 

Divorce Twenty-five 

Ditty Twenty-six 

Diran Twenty-seven 

Divide Twenty-eight 

Distaff Twenty-nine 

Dogrel Thirty 

Distance Thirty-one 

Disrobe Thirty-two 

Diuretic Thirty-three 

Dizzy Thirty-four 

Dirt Thirty-five 

Dive Thirty-six 

Dire Thirty-seven 

Distress Thirty-eight 

Dissect Thirty-nine 

Dispute Forty 

Diverge Fifty 

Dispel Twenty-five        Cents. 

Displease Fifty 

Disdain Seventy-five 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


105 


Dropsy. 
Dross.  . 


Drover 


DRAFTS 

.  I  (we)  have  to-day  drawn  on  you,  and  expect 
you  to  protect  draft  for 

.Will  make  draft  on  you  for  amount  of  your 
account,  if  we  do  not  hear  from  you  before 
the 

.  Why  do  you  not  protect  our  draft? 


Depose 

Deport 


Depict .  . 
Density . 


ORDERS 

.  Cancel  order  unless  you  can  fill  it  at  once. 

.Cannot  cancel  order  on  account  of  brick  being 
made  up. 

.  Do  not  fill  our  order  until  you  receive  full  instruc- 
tions by  mail. 

.  Cannot  fill  order  for brick  at  once. 

Can  we  substitute  something  else  of  equal 
quality. 


NUMBERS 


Earn 500 

Eater 1000 

Ebbing 2000 

Ebony 3000 

Ecaille 4000 

Ecbatic 5000 

Echelon 6000 

Echo 7000 

Eclair 8000 

Eclat 9000 

Ecoiler.  .....  .10000 

Ecurie 11000 

Edacity 12000 

Eddy 13000 

Edge 14000 

Edict 15000 

Edifice 16000 

Edify 17000 

Editor 18000 

Efface 19000 

Effete 20000 

Emply 21000 

Employ 22000 

Embark .  .      .  .  23000 


Eider 24000 

Either 25000 

Effort 26000 

Efflux 27000 

Early 28000 

Effect 29000 

Elegance 30000 

Elder 31000 

Elicit 32000 

Elegy 33000 

Eloud 34000 

Effigy 35000 

Enforce 36000 

Engage 37000 

Elbow 38000 

Egotist 39000 

Elixir 40000 

Elvan 50000 

Ember 60000 

Emblem 70000 

Embassy 80000 

Emfat 90000 

Emperor. .  .  .  100000 


106 


THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


DATES  AND  TIME 

Ultimo 

Instant 

Proximo 

1st  

Vacant. 

Wable. 

Weary. 

2nd  

Vacation. 

Wad. 

Weasel. 

3rd  

Vade. 

Wadded. 

Web. 

4th  

Vail. 

Wag. 

Weed. 

5th  

Valid. 

Wager. 

Weigh. 

6th  

Valise. 

Wagon. 

Wend. 

7th  

Valley. 

Wail. 

Whack. 

8th  

Valor. 

Wain. 

Whale. 

9th  

Vamp. 

Wave. 

Whang. 

10th  

Van. 

Wake. 

Wharf. 

llth  

Vandal. 

Walk. 

Wheat. 

12th  

Vanish. 

Wall. 

Wheel. 

13th  

Vapor. 

Walnut. 

Whelp. 

14th  

Varlet. 

Wampum. 

Whiff. 

15th  

Varnish. 

Wander. 

Whig. 

16th  

Vary. 

Wane. 

Whim. 

17th  

Vase. 

Wanton. 

Whine. 

18th  

Vat. 

Warble. 

Whip. 

19th  

Vault. 

Warfare. 

Whisk. 

20th  

Vein. 

Warm. 

Whit. 

21st  

Velvet. 

Wary. 

Whoop. 

22nd  

Vender. 

Wash. 

Wicked. 

23rd  

Venom. 

Waste. 

Widow. 

24th  

Vent. 

Watch. 

Wife. 

25th  

Venture. 

Water. 

Wig. 

26th  

Verbal. 

Wattle. 

Wild. 

27th  

Verdant. 

Wavering. 

Win. 

28th  

Verdure. 

Wax. 

Winch. 

29th  

Verge. 

Weak. 

,     Wind. 

30th  

,  Verse. 

Wealth. 

Wine. 

31st  

Vesper. 

Wean. 

Window. 

CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  107 


CONCLUSION 

To  give  a  complete  list  of  cuts  would  make 
this  catalogue  too  bulky  and  cumbersome  for 
reference,  and  the  aim  has  been  to  enumerate 
only  enough  to  represent  the  extent  and  variety 
of  goods  we  manufacture.  We  make  everything 
and  anything  in  the  line  of  fire  brick. 

The  manufacture  of  clay  products  is  a  science 
and  an  art,  and  it  takes  years  of  practical  expe- 
rience to  learn  the  nature  of  the  material,  the 
tests  to  which  fire  brick  are  subjected,  and  much 
other  necessary  knowledge,  together  with  the 
most  careful  selection  of  clays  and  great  skill  in 
mixing,  moulding  and  burning. 

We  own  and  mine  our  raw  materials  and  coal, 
which,  together  with  over  30  years  experience, 
gives  us  a  decided  advantage  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  refractories. 

We  invite  correspondence,  and  are  pleased  to 
give  any  information  in  our  power  that  will  help 
our  customers  in  the  proper  selection  of  materi- 
al adapted  to  their  special  work. 

In  conclusion  we  desire  to  thank  our  many 
customers  for  past  favors,  and  shall  hope  to  con- 
tinue our  pleasant  relations,  and  at  the  same 
time  to  add  new  patrons  to  make  our  business 
even  more  successful  in  future. 

Yours  truly, 

The  Stowe-Fuller  Co. 


108  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


MEMORANDA 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  109 


MEMORANDA 


110  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


MEMORANDA 


CLEVELAND,  OHIO.  Ill 


MEMORANDA 


112  THE  STOWE-FULLER  Co. 


MEMORANDA 


RETURN  TO  the  circulation  desk  of  any 
University  of  California  Library 
or  to  the 

NORTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 
Bldg.  400,  Richmond  Field  Station 
University  of  California 
Richmond,  CA  94804-4698 

ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 
2-month  loans  may  be  renewed  by  calling 

(415)642-6233 
1-year  loans  may  be  recharged  by  bringing  books 

to  NRLF 
Renewals  and  recharges  may  be  made  4  days 

prior  to  due  date 

DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 

OCT 1 3  198S 


L ^4 


ZTVQF 

r>    <T 


T 

f 


-^ 


YA  0679^ 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA  LIBRARY 


